CBSE Syllabus Class 12 2026 | Free PDF for 2025-26 Exams

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has released the official syllabus for Class 12 on March 28, 2025. Students can access and download the complete syllabus from the CBSE's official website at https://www.cbse.gov.in. This release provides detailed guidelines and subject-wise curricula to assist students in their academic preparations for the upcoming academic year.
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The CBSE Class 12 Syllabus for 2025-26 is designed to provide a balanced mix of conceptual learning and practical application. From core subjects like Physics, Chemistry, and Biology to language studies and electives, the syllabus ensures students gain in-depth knowledge while also developing critical thinking skills. Following the latest syllabus helps students focus on important topics, practice-relevant questions, and prepare efficiently for their board exams.

In this blog, we will break down the CBSE Class 12 syllabus for 2025-26 in an easy-to-understand manner:
Highlighting subject-wise topics.
Marking schemes, and preparation tips.
Whether you are aiming for high scores or preparing for competitive exams, having a clear grasp of the syllabus will set you on the right path. Let’s dive in!

Subject-wise PDF: CBSE Class 12 2025-26 Syllabus Download

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus English Core 2025-26

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Hindi Core 2025-26

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Mathematics 2025-26

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Applied Mathematics 2025-26

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Physics 2025-26

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Chemistry 2025-26

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Biology 2025-26

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Business Studies 2025-26

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Accountancy 2025-26

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Economics 2025-26

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Psychology 2025-26

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Physical Education 2025-26

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Computer Science 2025-26

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Geography 2025-26

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus History 2025-26

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Political Science 2025-26

CBSE Class 12th Syllabus 2026: Subject-wise Breakdown

As students step into Class 12, the CBSE syllabus becomes the roadmap to academic success. A thorough understanding of the syllabus helps in efficient preparation, allowing students to focus on essential topics and maximise their scores. The 2025-26 syllabus is designed to ensure conceptual clarity while aligning with the latest educational standards.

Below is a subject-wise breakdown of the CBSE Class 12 syllabus for 2025-26:

English Core

Regardless of their stream, all students must study the CBSE Class 12 English Core syllabus. This subject is designed to enhance writing, reading, and spoken communication skills, ensuring students can express themselves effectively.

Important Areas of Study:

• Reading, Writing, and Speaking Proficiency – Focus on comprehension, creative expression, and verbal communication.
• Composition, Grammar, and Literature – Strengthen grammatical accuracy and writing fluency.
• Creative Writing – Develop skills in essay writing, letter composition, and storytelling.
• Metaphorical Language & Literary Analysis – Understand different writing styles and figurative expressions.

Following the syllabus guidelines ensures a comprehensive understanding of the subject, ultimately improving exam performance.

Mathematics

A well-structured study approach is essential for excelling in CBSE Class 12 Mathematics. This subject requires a deep understanding of concepts and their practical applications.

Important Areas of Study:

• Core Topics – Algebra, Geometry, Calculus, Trigonometry, and Probability.
• Problem-Solving Skills – Application of mathematical theories in real-world scenarios.
• Logical and Analytical Thinking – Understanding mathematical models and their implications.
• Use of Technology – Exploring modern mathematical tools and techniques.

The CBSE Mathematics syllabus forms the foundation for various competitive exams, making it essential for students to follow the structured curriculum closely.

Physics

Physics in Class 12 is a blend of theory and practical applications, requiring students to master fundamental concepts and numerical problem-solving.

Important Areas of Study:

• Core Topics – Electromagnetic Induction, Wave Optics, Mechanics, and Thermal Physics.
• Conceptual Understanding & Numerical Practice – Strengthening theoretical knowledge with problem-solving exercises.
• Real-World Applications – Learning through experiments and practical examples.

Students should plan their study time according to the syllabus to ensure timely completion and in-depth revision of all topics.

Chemistry

Chemistry is an essential subject for students preparing for board exams and competitive tests like NEET and JEE.

Important Areas of Study:

• Core Topics – Organic Chemistry, Thermodynamics, Chemical Kinetics, and Chemical Bonding.
• Conceptual Clarity & Problem-Solving – Understanding key principles and addressing complex questions.
• Practical Applications – Real-world relevance of chemical reactions and experiments.

Following the CBSE syllabus ensures a structured approach, helping students manage their time effectively and grasp crucial concepts.

Biology

Biology is a vital subject for students aspiring for careers in medicine, biotechnology, and life sciences. The syllabus provides a thorough foundation for board exams and entrance tests.

Important Areas of Study:

• Core Topics – Cell Biology, Genetics, Evolution, and Ecology.
• Conceptual Understanding & Problem-Solving – Strengthening foundational concepts and application-based learning.
• Real-Life Applications & Experiments – Exploring biological processes through practical examples.

Downloading the CBSE Biology syllabus early in the academic year helps students plan their studies effectively, ensuring a competitive edge in exams.

Computer Applications

This subject focuses on programming, database management, and software development, equipping students with essential technological skills.

Important Areas of Study:

• Programming & Data Structures – Writing efficient code and understanding algorithms.
• Database Management – Learning about data organization and retrieval.
• Software Development – Developing and implementing computer applications.

A thorough grasp of the syllabus enables students to excel in both theoretical and practical assessments.

Optional/Elective Subjects

CBSE offers a range of elective subjects based on students' interests and career aspirations.

Available Options:

• Languages, Applied Sciences, and Humanities – Including Psychology, Sociology, and Political Science.
• Creative & Technical Fields – Fine Arts, Music, Dance, Fashion Studies, Engineering Graphics, Multimedia, and Web Technology.

Elective subjects allow students to explore diverse fields, adding versatility to their academic portfolio.

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Subject-wise Strategy

Class 12 is a crucial academic year, and having a well-planned strategy for each subject can make all the difference in achieving high scores. The CBSE syllabus provides a clear framework for exam preparation, ensuring students cover all essential topics effectively. Here’s a subject-wise strategy to help students excel in their studies.

English Core

• Reading Section: Practise comprehension passages regularly to improve speed and accuracy.
• Writing Section: Focus on structured essays, letters, and reports, ensuring clarity and coherence.
• Grammar & Vocabulary: Revise grammar rules and enhance vocabulary through reading newspapers and novels.
• Literature: Analyse themes, characters, and literary devices in prescribed texts for a deeper understanding.
• Mock Tests: Solve sample papers to familiarise yourself with the exam pattern

Mathematics

• Concept Clarity: Focus on fundamental concepts before attempting advanced problems.
• Practice Regularly: Solve NCERT exercises, previous years’ question papers, and mock tests.
• Time Management: Allocate time for each topic and solve questions within a set timeframe.
• Formulas & Theorems: Maintain a formula book for quick revision.
• Application-Based Learning: Understand how to apply mathematical concepts to real-life problems.

Physics

• Understand Concepts: Avoid rote learning; focus on understanding the logic behind formulas and derivations.
• Numerical Practice: Solve numerical problems daily to strengthen problem-solving skills.
• Diagrams & Experiments: Revise key diagrams and their explanations to enhance conceptual clarity.
• Revision Notes: Summarise important concepts, derivations, and formulas for quick reference.
• Mock Tests & PYQs: Attempt previous years’ questions and sample papers under timed conditions.

Chemistry

• Organic Chemistry: Memorise reaction mechanisms and functional groups through concept maps.
• Physical Chemistry: Practise numerical problems regularly and understand theoretical explanations.
• Inorganic Chemistry: Focus on NCERT for chemical bonding, periodicity, and coordination compounds.
• Practical Applications: Revise experiments and their real-world significance.
• Time Management: Allocate time for revision, balancing theoretical and practical aspects.

Biology

• Conceptual Understanding: Learn concepts through diagrams and flowcharts rather than memorising.
• NCERT Focus: Stick to NCERT textbooks, as most questions are directly from them.
• Answer Writing Practice: Use precise scientific terminology and highlight keywords.
• Case Studies & Experiments: Understand the real-world application of biological concepts.
• Regular Revision: Revise important topics frequently to retain information.

Computer Science/Applications

• Programming Practice: Write and execute Python programs to improve coding skills.
• Data Structures & Algorithms: Understand basic algorithms and their applications.
• Database Management: Learn SQL queries and database operations thoroughly.
• Networking Concepts: Revise key networking terms and protocols.
• Project Work: Apply theoretical knowledge to develop small software projects.

Accountancy

• Conceptual Clarity: Understand the logic behind accounting principles rather than memorising them.
• Practical Application: Solve ledger entries, balance sheets, and cash flow statements frequently.
• Time Management: Practise solving numerical problems under timed conditions.
• Theory & Practical Balance: Focus equally on theoretical concepts and numerical problems.
• Past Papers & Sample Questions: Attempt previous years’ questions to understand common trends.

Business Studies

• Understanding Concepts: Relate topics to real-life business scenarios for better retention.
• Case Study Approach: Practise solving case study-based questions analytically.
• Notes & Summaries: Prepare concise notes for each chapter to revise quickly.
• Time Management: Focus on high-weightage chapters and prioritise topics accordingly.
• Mock Tests: Solve sample papers to get accustomed to the exam format.

Economics

• Micro & Macroeconomics Balance: Understand both theoretical and numerical aspects.
• Graphical Representation: Use diagrams and graphs to explain economic concepts clearly.
• Case Studies & Real-World Examples: Stay updated with economic trends and government policies.
• Answer Structuring: Follow a structured approach to writing long-form answers.
• Previous Years’ Papers: Solve past exam papers to familiarise yourself with question patterns.

History, Political Science, Geography, Psychology

• Chronological Understanding (History): Arrange events in a timeline for better recall.
• Current Affairs (Political Science & Geography): Relate theoretical knowledge to real-world events.
• Conceptual Clarity (Psychology): Understand human behaviour theories and practical applications.
• Diagrams & Maps: Use visuals to enhance understanding and retention.
• Answer Writing Practice: Structure answers logically with relevant examples.

Optional Subjects (Fine Arts, Music, Dance, Fashion Studies, etc.)

• Practical Exposure: Engage in hands-on projects and fieldwork to strengthen understanding.
• Theoretical Knowledge: Read textbooks thoroughly and revise key topics.
• Portfolio Preparation: Maintain a well-documented record of creative work for assessment.
• Exam-Specific Preparation: Understand the assessment criteria and tailor preparations accordingly.

Need of CBSE Syllabus Class 12 2025-26 for Teachers & Students

The CBSE Class 12 syllabus is more than just a document; it is a roadmap that guides students and teachers throughout the academic year. A well-defined syllabus ensures structured learning, timely completion of topics, and effective exam preparation.

Why is the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Important for Students?

Clarity on Exam Scope – The syllabus outlines the topics covered in board exams, helping students focus on relevant subjects and avoid unnecessary material.

Efficient Study Planning – By following the syllabus, students can allocate time to different topics and ensure balanced preparation.

Better Time Management – Understanding chapter weightage allows students to prioritize high-scoring topics.

Alignment with Competitive Exams – The syllabus is designed in sync with entrance exams like NEET, JEE, and CUET, making it easier to prepare for multiple exams simultaneously.

Resource Optimization – Students can use NCERT books, sample papers, and reference materials aligned with the syllabus for focused learning.

Why is the CBSE 2025-26 Class 12 Syllabus Essential for Teachers?

Guides Lesson Planning – Teachers can structure their lectures and assignments based on the prescribed curriculum.

Ensures Comprehensive Coverage – Helps in covering all necessary topics systematically within the academic year.

Aids in Exam Preparation – Teachers can design tests, quizzes, and revision plans according to the syllabus, ensuring students are well-prepared.

Supports Effective Teaching Strategies – Knowing the syllabus in advance allows teachers to implement innovative teaching methods for better understanding.

Consistency Across Schools – Since CBSE schools follow a common syllabus, it ensures uniformity in education across the country.

How to Use CBSE Class 12 Syllabus?

The Class 12 syllabus for CBSE 2026 is a crucial tool for both students and teachers. It not only defines the curriculum but also helps in effective time management and structured learning. Here’s how to make the most of it:

For Students

Understand the Exam Structure

• Go through the syllabus to know the chapters, topics, and weightage of each section.
• Identify high-scoring areas to plan your study schedule accordingly.

Plan a Study Schedule

• Divide the syllabus into manageable sections and set deadlines for completing each topic.
• Allocate more time to difficult subjects while maintaining a balanced approach.

Use the Right Study Resources

• Stick to NCERT textbooks, as they form the basis of the syllabus.
• Refer to sample papers and previous years’ question papers to understand the exam pattern.

Focus on Conceptual Understanding

• Avoid rote learning; instead, aim for a deep understanding of concepts.
• Practice numerical problems, case studies, and application-based questions.

Track Your Progress

• Regularly assess your preparation by taking mock tests and self-evaluations.
• Identify weak areas and revise them thoroughly before exams.

For Teachers

Lesson Planning

• Design a month-wise teaching plan based on the syllabus to ensure timely completion.
• Break down complex topics into simpler parts for better understanding.

Use Effective Teaching Methods

• Incorporate real-life examples, diagrams, and case studies to make learning interactive.
• Encourage discussions and group activities to enhance concept clarity.

Prepare Assessments Accordingly

• Set test papers based on the syllabus structure to align with the CBSE exam pattern.
• Include a mix of objective, short-answer, and long-answer questions.

Help Students with Doubt Solving

• Keep track of students' progress and provide additional support where needed.
• Offer revision sessions and practice tests before board exams.

General Tips for CBSE Class 12 2025-26 Exam Preparation:

Follow the Syllabus Strictly – Stick to CBSE-prescribed topics and avoid unnecessary materials.

Make a Study Timetable – Allocate dedicated time slots for each subject and adhere to them.

Revise Regularly – Review key concepts frequently to strengthen retention.

Solve Sample Papers – Attempt CBSE sample papers to get familiar with the exam format.

Stay Organised – Maintain separate notes for formulas, important concepts, and summary points.

Stay Healthy & Stress-Free – Take breaks, eat well, and get enough sleep to stay productive.

Class 12 is very important for student’s academic careers. Gaining a thorough comprehension of each topic in the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus is essential for passing various college admission examinations and earning good grades on board exams. The comprehensive and rigorous curriculum for 2025-26 aims to prepare students for postsecondary education and future career pathways. The curriculum is intended to promote well-rounded growth by placing a strong emphasis on problem-solving abilities, critical thinking, and practical and application-oriented learning. Additionally, it includes a range of extracurricular and co-curricular activities to help students develop vital life skills.

FAQs

1. Is the CBSE Class 12 syllabus released?

The updated CBSE Class XII syllabus is available on the official website. If you want to check the complete subject-wise breakdown of the 12 syllabus, you can download the pdfs on this page for the latest changes.

2. How much has the 12th Syllabus 2026 been reduced?

The Class 12 latest syllabus has been released. For the 2025-26 session, there are no changes in the syllabus. You can also check the sample papers here to know more about the exam pattern, and also, you can directly download it from here.‍

3. What subjects are included in the cbse 12th syllabus for 2025-26?

The Class 12 syllabus for the 2025-26 academic year includes subjects from all three streams:

• Class 12 Science: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, Computer Science, etc.
• Class 12 Commerce: Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics, Mathematics, etc.
• Class 12 Humanities: History, Geography, Political Science, Sociology, Psychology, etc.
  In addition, all streams include Class 12 English as a compulsory language subject, along with optional vocational courses.

4. How can I access the latest  class 12 syllabus?

The Class 12 Syllabus 2026 can be accessed:

• On the CBSE official website under the "Curriculum" section.
• Through trusted educational publishers like Educart, which provide detailed books and materials based on the latest syllabus.

5. Are there any recent changes in the syllabus for Class 12 for this academic year?

CBSE often updates its syllabus to align with modern learning needs. For the 2025-26 session, some chapters or topics may have been added or removed across subjects. Students should refer to the latest Class 12 syllabus published on the CBSE website or detailed books by trusted publishers like Educart for the most accurate updates.

6. Does the latest CBSE 12 class syllabus differ for different streams?

Yes, the Class 12 syllabus differs based on the stream chosen:

• Science Stream focuses on subjects like Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Mathematics.
• The Commerce Stream includes subjects such as Accountancy, Economics, and Business Studies.
• Humanities Stream offers History, Geography, Political Science, and other arts-related subjects.

The syllabus structure is designed to cater to the specific requirements of each stream.

7. Will the practical exams be a part of the syllabus 2025-26 for Class 12?

Yes, practical exams are an integral part of the Class 12 CBSE 2025 syllabus for subjects like Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Accountancy, and others. These practicals are evaluated both internally and externally and contribute significantly to the overall score.‍

8. How is the marking scheme structured for Class 12 subjects?

The Class 12 marking scheme typically includes:

• Theory Exams: 70–80% of the total marks.
• Practical/Project Work: 20–30% of the total marks, depending on the subject.
  Each subject follows a unique distribution, which is outlined in the Class 12 CBSE syllabus document and supported by detailed breakdowns in resources like Educart books.‍

9. Is there a recommended study plan for following the Class 12 syllabus effectively?

To follow the Class 12 Syllabus effectively:

• Understand the 12th Syllabus: Go through the complete syllabus to identify important topics.
• Time Management: Allocate time for each subject based on difficulty and weightage.
• Practice Regularly: Solve sample papers, including PYQs Class 12, to gauge preparation.
• Revision: Dedicate the last month to revision and mock tests.‍

10. How can I prepare for the Class 12 board exams based on the CBSE syllabus 2026?

• Focus on Class 12 NCERT textbooks 2026 for core understanding.
• Use revision books and Class 12 sample papers 2025 from trusted publishers like Educart.
• Practice PYQs and take mock exams to simulate real exam conditions.
• Regularly review concepts and clarify doubts.

11. Are there any additional resources available for studying the 12 class syllabus?

Yes, additional resources for Class 12 2025-26 Board Exams include:

• Educart books for Class 12, which provide detailed explanations, PYQs, sample papers, and marking schemes.
• Teacher-provided notes and revision guides.
• Online platforms offering video lectures, quizzes, and doubt-solving sessions tailored to the CBSE Syllabus Class 12.