CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25 | PDF Download

CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25

Class XII Biology Syllabus 2024-25 academic year has been revised to adhere to the most recent NCERT requirements. This syllabus attempts to make a variety of biological ideas and subjects easier for students to understand. It emphasises how crucial it is to study biology in an organised manner to understand it well. Students will study fundamental topics including human physiology, genetics, ecology, cell structure and function, and biotechnology under this new biology syllabus. 

In addition to academic understanding, practical applications are highly valued. To provide students with practical experience and aid in the development of critical laboratory skills, practical sessions are incorporated. Experiments, specimen identification, and data analysis are all covered in the practical syllabus to provide students with a well-rounded education.

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Like the Class 12 Biology Syllabus, students can also go through the Class 12 Physics syllabus & Class 12 Chemistry syllabus to plan their exams accordingly. Students can create a combined routine & strategies for these exams to perform well and manage their time.

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Chapter-Wise Syllabus Analysis (2024-25)

Topics Added (<green>✔️<green>) | Topics Deleted (<red>❌<red>)

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CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus for 2025: Unit-wise Breakdown

Unit-VI Reproduction

Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post-fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Chapter 3: Human Reproduction

Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).

Chapter 4: Reproductive Health

Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).

Unit-VII Genetics and Evolution

Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bees; linkage and crossing over; sex-linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.

Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.

Chapter 7: Evolution

Origin of life; biological evolution and evidence for biological evolution (palaeontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin's contribution, to modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.

Unit-VIII Biology and Human Welfare

Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases

Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse.

Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare

Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicioususe.

Unit-IX Biotechnology and its Applications

Chapter 11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes

Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Applications

Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.

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Unit-X Ecology and Environment

Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations

Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Abiotic Factors, Responses to Abiotic Factors, Adaptations)

Chapter 14: Ecosystem

Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles).

Chapter 15: Biodiversity and its Conservation

Biodiversity- concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.

List of Experiments

1. Prepare a temporary mount to observe pollen germination.
2. Study the plant population density by quadrat method.
3. Study the plant population frequency by quadrat method.
4. Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis.
5. Isolate DNA from available plant material such as spinach, green pea seeds, papaya, etc.

List of Practical Experiments in Biology Syllabus Class 12 2024-25

1. Study of flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects).
2. Identification of T.S of morula or blastula of frog (Model).
3. Study of Mendelian inheritance pattern using beads/seeds of different sizes/textures.
4. Preparation of pedigree charts of genetic traits such as rolling of the tongue, and colour blindness.
5. Study of emasculation, tagging and bagging by trying out an exercise on controlled pollination.
6. Identify common disease-causing organisms like Ascaris (model)and learn some common symptoms of the disease that they cause.
7. Comment upon the morphological adaptations of plants found in xerophytic conditions.

Items for Identification/ familiarity with the apparatus (All experiments) 

Beaker, flask, Petri plates, soil from different sites - sandy, clayey, loamy, small potted plants, aluminium foil, paintbrush, test tubes, starch solution, iodine, ice cubes, Bunsen burner/spirit lamp/water bath, large flowers, Maize inflorescence, model of developmental stages highlighting morula and blastula of frog, beads/seeds of different shapes/size/texture Ascaris, Cactus/Opuntia(model).

Spotting

1. Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds).
2. Pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide or scanning electron micrograph.
3. Identification of stages of gamete development, i.e. T.S. of testis and T.S. of ovary through permanent slides (from grasshopper/ mice).
4. Meiosis in onion bud cells or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.
5. T.S. of the blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian).
6. Mendelian inheritance uses seeds of different colours/sizes of any plant.
7. Prepared pedigree charts of any one of the genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, blood groups, ear lobes, widow's peak and colour blindness.
8. Controlled pollination - emasculation, tagging and bagging.
9. Common disease-causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, and any fungus-causing ringworm through permanent slides, models or virtual images. Comment on symptoms of diseases that they cause.
10. Models specimen showing symbolic association in root modules of leguminous plants, Cuscuta on the host, lichens.
11. Flashcard models showing examples of homologous and analogous organs.

Importance of Downloading Class XII Biology Syllabus 2024-25

Students need to pay close attention to the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025 since it provides a strong foundation in biology. It covers several subjects, including ecology, genetics, evolution, and biotechnology, all of which are essential for students planning to pursue advanced study in this area. 

The syllabus also covers topics related to human health and illnesses, providing insightful information on preserving health and averting ailments. This extensive curriculum gives pupils the information and abilities they need to succeed academically and personally.

• ‍Improved Understanding of Living Organisms: The CBSE 12th Class Biology Syllabus 2024 explores the structure, function, and behaviour of living creatures among other topics. This promotes a greater understanding of the functioning of the world and the interactions between living things.
• ‍Extensive job Opportunities: Understanding the CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus provides doors to a variety of job choices. Students might investigate careers in research science, medicine, or conservation, among other fields.
• ‍Personal Development: The curriculum fosters critical thinking and problem-solving abilities in addition to enhancing pupils' comprehension of the outside world. These are practical life skills that are essential for achievement in any area.
• ‍Improved Problem-Solving Skills: The curriculum motivates students to engage in critical thinking and take on challenging subjects, which improves their problem-solving skills. These are very useful abilities in a variety of fields.
• ‍Effective Communication Skills: Students who actively engage with the curriculum will be better able to communicate difficult biological topics in their writing and project presentations.
• ‍Deeper Comprehension of the Natural World: The curriculum focuses on subjects like ecology, genetics, and evolution to provide students with a deeper appreciation and comprehension of the natural world and its complex mechanisms.

According to NCERT recommendations, the revised CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus 2024 academic year gives students a comprehensive and structured approach to learning biology. The syllabus covers a wide range of subjects and ideas and gives equal weight to both academic understanding and real-world applications. Students can gain a thorough understanding of biology and develop essential laboratory skills by following the subject syllabus. 

Having access to the NCERT curriculum facilitates comprehension of the test format and question paper structure, thus improving exam preparedness. Students may succeed in their academic endeavours and score highly on the CBSE Class 12 Biology Board Exam with focused study and methodical preparation.