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Here's the new s you've been waiting for! Latest CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus for 2025-26 is officially released.
The CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 is designed to deepen students' understanding of life sciences while preparing them for board exams and beyond. Covering fascinating topics like Genetics, Evolution, Biotechnology, and Ecology, the syllabus ensures a perfect balance of theory, practicals, and application-based learning. So, if you’re ready to dive into the world of Biology and score big, let’s explore the detailed CBSE syllabus for 2025-26 and the best ways to prepare!
Biology is one of the most important subjects for Class 12 students, especially for those preparing for CBSE board exams and NEET. To help students plan their studies effectively, the Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 is divided into different units, covering key topics like Reproduction, Genetics, Evolution, Biotechnology, and Ecology.
A structured approach to studying these units will not only help in scoring well but also build a strong foundation for competitive exams. Below is the unit-wise breakdown of the syllabus for the 2025-26 academic session.
Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post-fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.
Chapter 3: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).
Chapter 4: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).
Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bees; linkage and crossing over; sex-linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.
Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.
Chapter 7: Evolution
Origin of life; biological evolution and evidence for biological evolution (palaeontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin's contribution, to modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.
Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse.
Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in digested foods processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicioususe.
Chapter 11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes
Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).
Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Applications
Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.
Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations
Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Abiotic Factors, Responses to Abiotic Factors, Adaptations)
Chapter 14: Ecosystem
Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles).
Chapter 15: Biodiversity and its Conservation
Biodiversity- concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.
Like the Class 12 Biology Syllabus, students can also go through the Class 12 Physics syllabus & Class 12 Chemistry syllabus to plan their exams accordingly. Students can create a combined routine & strategies for these exams to perform well and manage their time.
List of Experiments in Class 12 Bio Syllabus 2026
List of Practicals in Biology Class 12 Syllabus
Items for Identification/ familiarity with the apparatus (All experiments)
Beaker, flask, Petri plates, soil from different sites - sandy, clayey, loamy,small potted plants, aluminium foil, paintbrush, test tubes, starch solution, iodine, ice cubes, Bunsen burner/spirit lamp/water bath, large flowers, Maize inflorescence, model of developmental stages highlighting morula and blastula of frog, beads/seeds of different shapes/size/texture Ascaris, Cactus/Opuntia(model).
Spotting
Every year, CBSE revises the syllabus, making modifications to align with the latest educational standards. Some topics may be added, removed, or revised, so relying on an outdated syllabus could lead to confusion and wasted effort.
By downloading the official CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26, you ensure that:
Downloading the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 is essential for every student. It keeps your preparation structured, focused, and effective, ensuring you don’t waste time on unnecessary topics.
Class 12 Biology is a vast subject, and completing the syllabus on time is essential for board exams and NEET preparation. Many students struggle with time management, leading to last-minute stress and incomplete revision. However, with a smart study plan and the right approach, you can easily complete the Class 12 Biology Syllabus promptly.
Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you study efficiently and stay on track.
The first step in completing your syllabus on time is to understand what to study. Download the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 and go through all the topics.
Unit-wise Breakdown for Time Management:
A well-planned timetable helps in structured learning. Instead of random studying, divide your syllabus into manageable sections and set weekly targets.
Ideal Study Plan (6-Month Schedule):
For CBSE exams and NEET, NCERT Class 12 Biology is the most important book. 90% of questions in board exams are directly from NCERT.
How to Study NCERT Effectively?
Instead of reading long chapters before the exam, prepare concise notes while studying.
What to Include in Notes?
Biology is a visual subject, and diagrams help in scoring full marks. Many questions are based on diagram-based explanations.
Important Diagrams to Practice:
Practising past papers helps in understanding the exam pattern and boosting confidence.
How to Use Previous Year Papers Effectively?
Tip: Stay consistent—small daily efforts lead to big results.
Download the syllabus now and start preparing smartly!