CBSE Syllabus Class 12 Biology

On July 5, 2021, CBSE had announced that the Syllabus for Class 12 Board Exams will be reduced as per a Term-based Examination System and on July 22, 2021, they finalised the reduced syllabus as well by providing updated PDFs.

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus has undergone drastic changes since the previous 2020-21 session. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the education system has been challenging for both teachers and students.

So, similar to the 30% reduction in the last session, CBSE decided to reduce the overall syllabus according to the Term-based Board Examination for the 2021-22 session again.

We, at Educart, were prompt about it and have updated the changes in all the subjects for you. Here, you can find:

• freely-downloadable PDF links to the latest reduced Class 12 Biology Syllabus for 2021-22 academic session; and
• simple analysis of all the deleted topics/ chapters for 2021-22 Term-based Board Exam.

With all this information in hand, both teachers and students will have a defined structure to begin the learning process on time and efficiently.

Class 12 Biology Reduced Syllabus for 2021-22 (Reduced)

<cta> Download <cta>

‍

We have also provided the syllabus for the 2021-22 session that was previously restored so that you can compare the deleted and added topics.

Class 12 Biology Reduced Syllabus for 2021-22 (Restored Previously)

<cta> Download <cta>

Now, let us take a look at the syllabus for Term I and Term II Board Exams in detail and try to understand what changes have been made.

<red> Marked in red: <red> Topics <red> removed <red>for 2021-22

‍

Unit VI Reproduction

<red> Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms <red>

<red> Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; modes of reproduction - asexual and sexual reproduction; asexual reproduction - binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants; events in sexual reproduction. <red>

Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Chapter 3: Human Reproduction

Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis - spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).

Chapter 4: Reproductive Health

Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods; medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT, AI (elementary idea for general awareness)

‍

Unit VII Genetics and Evolution

Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Heredity and variation, Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; linkage and crossing over; Sex determination - in human being, birds, grasshopper and honey bee; Mutation, Pedigree analysis, sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - <red> sickle cell anaemia, Phenylketonuria, <red> thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.

Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; Human genome project; DNA fingerprinting.

<red> Chapter 7: Evolution <red>

<red> Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); adaptive radiation; Biological evolution: Lamarck’s theory of use and disuse of organs, Darwin's theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; brief account of evolution; human evolution. <red>

‍

Unit VIII Biology and Human Welfare

Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases

Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse.

<red> Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production <red>

<red> Animal husbandry, Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein. <red>

Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare

Microbes in food processing, industrial production, Antibiotics; production and judicious use, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as biocontrol agents and bio-fertilizers.

‍

Unit IX Biotechnology and its Applications

Chapter 11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes

Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Application

Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; RNA interference, Human insulin, gene therapy; molecular diagnosis; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.

‍

Unit X Ecology and Environment

Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations

Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, abiotic factors, ecological adaptations; population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism, commensalism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

<red> Chapter 14: Ecosystem <red>

<red> Ecosystem: structure and function; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services - carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal, oxygen release (in brief). <red>

Chapter 15: Biodiversity and Conservation

Biodiversity - Concept, levels, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.

<red> Chapter 16: Environmental Issues <red>

<red> Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and climate change impact and mitigation; ozone layer depletion; deforestation; case study exemplifying success stories addressing environmental issue(s). <red>

Practical Evaluation Scheme

‍

List of Practicals

Term I

1. Isolate DNA from available plant material such as spinach, green pea seeds, papaya, etc.
2. Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis.

Term II

3. Prepare a temporary mount to observe pollen germination.
4. Collect water from two different water bodies around you and study them for pH, clarity and presence of any living organism.
5. Collect and study soil from at least two different sites and study them for texture, moisture content, pH and water holding capacity. Correlate with the kinds of plants found in them.
6. <red> Study the presence of suspended particulate matter in air at two widely different sites. <red>
7. <red> Study the plant population density by quadrat method. <red>
8. <red> Study the plant population frequency by quadrat method. <red>
9. <red> Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis. <red>
10. <red> Study the effect of different temperatures and three different pH on the activity of salivary amylase on starch. <red>

Spotting

Term I

1. Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds).
2. <red> Pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide or scanning electron micrograph. <red>
3. Identification of stages of gamete development, i.e., T.S. of testis and T.S. of ovary through permanent slides (from grasshopper/mice).
4. Meiosis in onion bud cells or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.
5. T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian).
6. <red> Mendelian inheritance using seeds of different colour/sizes of any plant. <red>
7. Prepared pedigree charts of any one of the genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, blood groups, ear lobes, widow's peak and color blindness.

Term II

8. <red> Controlled pollination - emasculation, tagging and bagging. <red>
9. Common disease causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, any fungus causing ringworm through permanent slides, models or virtual images. Comment on symptoms of diseases that they cause.
10. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in xeric conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.
11. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in aquatic conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.

Our other latest CLASS 12 EDUCART QUESTION BANKS FOR 2022 EXAMS are the ONLY BOOK available in the market for extensive Term-based exam preparation.

Each book includes all possible types of MCQs (Competency-based, Case/ Extract/ Poem-based, A/R type), Chapter-wise Notes, Self Practice Questions, and Topper's Answers. You will have an abundance of questions to practice.

Any other information regarding CBSE curriculum, paper pattern, study material, and notifications is available below in the supporting links.