Class 12 Math NCERT Textbook | PDF Download for 2025 Exams

NCERT Mathematics Class 12 Textbook 2025 with Solutions: Download Free PDFs! 

Newly designed textbooks have been launched by NCERT, which completely sticks to the new syllabus under the new guidelines for Class 12 Mathematics examination 2024-2025. There will be no question asked which is not given in NCERT Maths Class 12 Textbook. Whole exam paper would be made from the textbook PDF (Part 1 and Part 2) given below in this blog.

The book PDFs covers all the important topics and concepts that are prescribed in NCERT Curriculum and CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Syllabus. In recent years, not only CBSE-affiliated schools but schools from other state boards have started to apply NCERT books (including NCERT Exemplar) for academic year study of class 12, because of their effectiveness.

And it's not just limited to Math – plan your Physics and Chemistry exams smoothly with Class12 NCERT Physics Exemplar NCERT and Class12 NCERT Chemistry Exemplar as questions are being directly asked from them in the exams.

WHAT IS MATH?

We all must’ve heard the full form of Math once in our school-life “Mental Attack To Handsome Students” but is mathematics is actually that scary? For some, It’s like exploring a new world, full of lots of equations which are fun at solving. But for many, it’s like stepping onto endless problems and finding out X's with lots of Ys in mind.

Imagine this: You're gearing up for your exams, and what’s on your mind? Math. This subject is enough to make anyone a bit nervous. I agree for sure Math might make your brain ache a little, but it only makes your problem-solving skills and critical thinking, and knowledge stronger. It's totally conquerable with the right strategy!

If you’ve survived till here, keep reading and unlock Topper’s secrets to ACE your Mathematics Class 12 2024-2025 board exam. Happy Learning!

Explore Below the links to Complete NCERT Class 12 Mathematics Book PDFs - Part1 and Part 2 and also links to Chapter Wise PDFs of the books.

NCERT Class 12 Mathematics Full/ Chapter-wise PDF Download: Part 1

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NCERT Math Class 12 Book Part-I PDF

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NCERT Class 12 Mathematics Full/ Chapter-wise PDF Download: Part 2

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NCERT Math Class 12 Book Part-II PDF

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‍Chapter-wise Breakdown of Important Topics In NCERT Mathematics Textbook Class 12:

PART 1:

1. Relations and Functions

• Types of relations (reflexive, symmetric, transitive): Defining properties of relations and examples.
• Equivalence relations and partitions: Concept of equivalence relation, equivalence classes, and partitioning of sets.
• Types of functions and Inverse of a function: One-one, onto, bijective functions, and the process of finding the inverse of a given function.

2. Inverse Trigonometric

• Definition and graphs of inverse trigonometric functions: definition inverse trigonometric ratios, their principal values, and graphical representations.
• Properties of inverse trigonometric functions: Domain, range, and fundamental properties of inverse trigonometric functions.
• Applications of inverse trigonometric functions:  Using inverse trigonometric functions in height/distance problems and other practical situations.

3. Matrices

• Types of matrices: Square, row, column, diagonal matrices with examples.
• Operations on matrices:  Rules for addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, and multiplication of matrices.
• Inverse of a matrix and Solution of system of linear equations using matrices:  Concept of matrix inverse, and using matrices to solve systems of linear equations.

4. Determinants

• Definition and properties of determinants: Defining determinants, basic properties like product rule, transpose rule, etc.
• Minors and cofactors: Calculating determinants using minors, cofactors, and expansion methods.
• Applications of determinants: Using determinants to find areas, volumes, and solving systems of equations.

5. Continuity

• Continuity of a function at a point: Defining continuity using limits, types of discontinuities with examples.
• Types of discontinuities: Removable, non-removable (jump, infinite) discontinuities with graphs.
• Continuity of algebraic and trigonometric functions: Continuity behaviour of polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric functions.

6. Application of Derivatives

• Rate of change (increasing/decreasing functions): Using derivatives to determine the rate of change of a function and identify increasing/decreasing intervals by analyzing the sign of the derivative.
• Maxima and minima of functions:  Defining and finding local/global maxima and minima of functions using first and second derivative tests. Solving optimization problems.
• Applications of derivatives in practical situations: Applying derivatives to real-world problems involving rates of change, optimization, profit/cost analysis, motion along curves, etc.

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PART 2:

1. Integrals

• Integration as the reverse process of differentiation: Fundamental theorem of calculus, indefinite integrals as antiderivatives.
• Methods of integration: Substitution, by parts, partial fractions with examples.
• Properties and applications of definite integrals: Properties, interpretation as area, applications in finding areas/volumes.

2. Applications of Integrals

• Area under simple curves: Calculating areas under polynomial, trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic curves.
• Volume of solids of revolution:  Disk, washer, and shell methods for finding volumes.
• Applications in practical situations: Using integration to solve related problems.

3. Differential Equations

• Formation of differential equations: Converting practical situations into differential equation form.
• Solution of first-order differential equations: Solving separable, linear, exact differential equations using integration.
• Applications of differential equations: Modelling real-life problems using differential equations.

4. Vector Algebra

• Definition and notation of vectors: Representing vectors, position vectors, scalar/vector products.
• Types of vectors: Unit, zero, coplanar, collinear vectors with examples.
• Operations on vectors: Vector addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication and their properties.

5. Three Dimensional Geometry

• Direction cosines and direction ratios: Defining for a line, relation to angles made with axes.
• Equation of a line and a plane: Different forms of equations using direction ratios/normal vector.
• Angle between two lines, a line and a plane: Using vectors to find angles between geometric entities.

6. Linear Programming

• Introduction to linear programming problems: Defining LPP, objective function, constraints, feasible regions.
• Graphical method of solving LPP: Solving LPP involving two variables graphically.
• Applications of linear programming: Modelling and solving LPP problems from various disciplines.

7. Probability

• Probability of an event: Modeling and solving LPP problems from various disciplines.
• Conditional probability and Bayes' theorem: Concept, multiplication rule, Bayes' Theorem with examples.
• Random variables and probability distributions: Discrete, continuous random variables, probability distributions.

‍Expert’s Preparation Tips for Students:

1. Understand the Syllabus Thoroughly

• Go through the entire syllabus thoroughly. Understand the marking scheme and weightage of each section and units. Prioritize topics with higher weightage but study the entire syllabus.

2. Create a Study Plan

• Make a personalized timetable. Keep practicing Math daily, at least 1-2 hours and minimum of 25 problems in an hour. Set weekly goals and targets.

3.  Master NCERT Textbooks

• NCERT Math Class 12 is the key to top your board exam. No question goes out of the syllabus of what’s given in NCERT textbooks and Exemplar. And if you are lucky enough you might see some questions repeated in the exams as it is. Solve all examples, go through that book thoroughly!!!

4.  Practice Regularly

• Practice Makes a Man PERFECT! Go through all the previous year question papers . all the latest sample papers and all NCERT Exemplar problems . Just practice and get your problem solving skills and concepts CLEAR.

5. Conceptual Clarity

• Understand concepts, not just Rattafy them! Get your basics right on the usage of formulas and understanding of problem questions.

6. Clarify Doubts

• Clarify your doubts instantly when they rise up. Do not pile up or delay and move on. Because if you have doubts in previously taught topics , you will never gain clarity in the upcoming topics, which would eventually lead to too many misconceptions and you hating maths :(

7.  Regular Revision

• Math is a subject which requires a lot of practice daily and it will still have something new to learn everyday. Just regular revision and practice can ensure your 90+ in Math Class 12 Board Exam.

8.  Focus on Presentation

• How you present your answers on your answer sheets is very important for smooth checking and gaining good marks. Write neatly. Write in steps and points. Make headings in bold black and answers in blue. And make a rough column for rough work, avoid making errors in the answers.

9.  Exam Strategy

• Read instructions carefully. Attempt sections and questions wisely. Do not waste time on what you don’t know, rather finish what you know first and then come back on the left part. Manage your time and make sure you revise your paper before submitting your sheet.

Importance Of 12th NCERT Class Mathematics PDF

For the overall growth of a student, Class 12 NCERT Mathematics is essential in the academic curriculum. These books are designed to help students learn in a structured and organized manner. The NCERT books are authored by the experts and after the rigorous editing process, the books get published for the academic journey. The name NCERT itself is sufficient, but in the section below you can find a few reasons to understand why NCERT books are an integral part of exam preparations.

• NCERT books are considered as the bible for strengthening the foundation for any subject. For exam preparations and course content, books are the number 1 preference for students.
• To have the subject proficiency with clear concepts and examples, the book is the base for preparing for a higher level of education.
• The books are cost-efficient.
• The book provides a large coverage of chapter explanations with practical exercises that help in improving literary and language skills. 

How Can Students Prepare for NCERT Mathematics Class 12th Book PDF?

Using the NCERT book to prepare for Mathematics  Class 12th needs an organized and thorough strategy. Here are some tips to help ensure an effective strategy:

1. Comprehend the syllabus:

Understand the Class 12 Mathematics syllabus thoroughly available at the official CBSE website as well as at this link. Make a list of all the important topics as per the syllabus and prepare a study strategy as per the syllabus.

2. Find all the Necessary Study Resources:

NCERT Class 12th Mathematics textbook is the best resource to start understanding the subject. Students can use the chunking technique where they can divide the complete chapter into sub-topics and prepare one topic at a time. 

3. Make notes

The exam paper can include any question from the entire NCERT textbook as per the curriculum. Making notes simultaneously while studying from textbooks or YouTube videos is beneficial in understanding the concepts as well as during revision time.

4. Attempt Previous Year Questions

Practicing previous year's questions can help students understand the exam pattern and the typology students can find during the exam. There is a high probability of questions reoccurring in the next exam so attempting questions can improve the chances.

CONCLUSION

All the questions that are asked in the CBSE board exams are completely based on NCERT Books. So it is a must Class 12 Mathematics book that students should always have access to. Having good knowledge of Class 12 NCERT Books will not only help students to crack the board exam but also help them clear the toughest competitive engineering entrance exams like JEE Main and Advanced. Students can download the class 12th Math book PDF from the official site and can download it from the links provided in the above section.