CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2024-25 | PDF Download

Latest Update on CBSE Syllabus Class 12 Chemistry 2024-25

Chemistry is regarded as a scoring subject in the CBSE Class 12 board exams owing to its predictable syllabus and ease of conceptual understanding. Through meticulous preparation and comprehension of the 12 Class Chemistry Syllabus, students can get high exam scores, which will improve their overall academic achievement.

A solid foundation in chemistry is necessary for those who wish a career in research or academia. The information and skills covered in class 12 chemistry prepare students for further training and study in specialised areas of chemistry. CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2024-25 is released and we were prompt about predicting the changes. Below, we have provided you with a simple analysis of Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus below, along with:

• PDF download -> 2024-25 (latest) and past year syllabus
• Competency Focus -> what is new
• Detailed analysis -> blueprint of all units & chapters

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Latest CBSE Syllabus Class 12 Chemistry

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Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2023-24

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(for reference purpose)

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Like the Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus, students can also check out the Syllabus of Class 12 Biology or Class 12 Mathematics syllabus to plan their exams accordingly. Students can create a combined timetable for these exams to perform well and manage their time.

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CBSE Class 12th Chemistry Syllabus 2024-25- Course Structure

Unit II: Solutions

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor.

Unit III: Electrochemistry

Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion.

Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first-order reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius equation.

Unit VIII: d and f Block Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first-row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄.

Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.

Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.

Unit IX: Coordination Compounds

Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological system).

Unit X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions.

Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only).

Uses and environmental effects of - dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.

Unit XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration, and uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

Unit XII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, and reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.

Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.

Unit XIII: Amines

Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Unit XIV: Biomolecules

Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates.

Proteins -Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes. 

Hormones - Elementary idea excluding structure.

Vitamins - Classification and functions.

Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.

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Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2024-25 Branch-wise Distribution

Class 12 Physical Chem Syllabus

Unit II: Solutions: Different types of solutions, concentration terms, colligative qualities (such as osmotic pressure, rising boiling point, falling freezing point, and relative decrease of vapour pressure), and ideal and non-ideal behaviour of solutions are the main topics of this chapter.

Unit III: Electrochemistry: The study of chemical reactions requiring the transfer of electrons is known as electrochemistry. Faraday's equations of electrolysis, conductivity in electrolytic solutions, electrolytic and galvanic cells, and applications of electrochemistry in several sectors are among the topics discussed.

Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics: The speeds of chemical reactions and the variables influencing them are covered in this chapter. It addresses subjects including order of reaction, collision theory of chemical processes, rate laws and rate constants, rate of reaction, and variables influencing the rate of reaction.

Class 12 Inorganic Chem Syllabus

Unit VIII: d and f Block Elements: The characteristics, oxidation states, electronic configurations, and chemical reactivity of inner transition metals (f-block elements) and transition metals (d-block elements) are covered in this chapter. It also discusses the applications of actinoids and lanthanoids.

Unit IX: Coordination Compounds: Coordination compounds play a crucial role in CBSE Class 12 Inorganic Chemistry, giving students a strong foundation in coordination chemistry concepts and their numerous applications.

Class 12 Organic Chem Syllabus

Unit X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes: This chapter covers the applications, physical and chemical characteristics, nomenclature, manufacturing methods, and categorization of haloalkanes and haloarenes. It also discusses the mechanisms underlying SN1 and SN2 reactions, elimination reactions (E1 and E2), and nucleophilic substitution processes.

Unit XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers: This chapter discusses the uses, physical and chemical properties, nomenclature, preparation techniques, and categorization of alcohols, phenols, and ethers. It also covers phenols' acidity and how they are made with benzene diazonium chloride.

Unit XII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids: Aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids are covered in this chapter along with their functions, physical and chemical characteristics, nomenclature, and production techniques. It covers the oxidation of aldehydes and ketones as well as the mechanism of nucleophilic addition processes.

Unit XIII: Amines: This chapter discusses the applications, physical and chemical characteristics, nomenclature, production techniques, and categorization of amines. Preparing diazonium salts and using them in synthetic applications are also included.

Unit XIV: Biomolecules: The structure, composition, and uses of biomolecules including lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids are covered in this chapter. Hormones, vitamins, and enzyme catalysis are also included.

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Class 12 Practical Chemistry Syllabus for CBSE

Micro-chemical methods are available for several practical experiments. Wherever possible, such techniques should be used.

A. Surface Chemistry

1. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sol

• Lyophilic sol-starch, egg albumin and gum
• Lyophobic sol - aluminium hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, arsenious sulphide.

2. Dialysis of sol-prepared in (a) above.
3. Study the role of emulsifying agents in stabilising the emulsion of different oils.

B. Chemical Kinetics

1. Effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid.
2. Study of reaction rates of any one of the following:

• Reaction of Iodide ion with Hydrogen Peroxide at room temperature using different concentrations of Iodide ions.
• Reaction between Potassium Iodate, (KIO3) and Sodium Sulphite: (Na2SO3) using starch solution as an indicator (clock reaction).

C. Thermochemistry

Any one of the following experiments

1. Enthalpy of dissolution of Copper Sulphate or Potassium Nitrate.
2. Enthalpy of neutralisation of strong acid (HCl) and strong base (NaOH).
3. Determination of enthalpy change during interaction (Hydrogen bond formation) between Acetone and Chloroform.

D. Electrochemistry

Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn2+|| Cu2+/Cu with change in concentration of electrolytes (CuSO4 or ZnSO4) at room temperature.

E. Chromatography

1. Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper chromatography and determination of Rf values.
2. Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing two cations only (constituents having large differences in Rf values to be provided).

F. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds

Preparation of double salt of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate or Potash Alum. Preparation of Potassium Ferric Oxalate.

G. Preparation of Organic Compounds

Preparation of any one of the following compounds

1. Acetanilide
2. Di -benzalAcetone
3. p-Nitroacetanilide
4. Aniline yellow or 2-Naphthol aniline dye.

H. Tests for the functional groups present in the organic compounds

Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (Primary) groups.

I. Characteristic tests of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure samples and their detection in given foodstuffs.

J. Determination of concentration/ molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a standard solution of:

1. Oxalic acid,
2. Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate (Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves).

K. Qualitative analysis

1. Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt.
2. Cation: Pb2+, Cu2+ As3+, Aℓ3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+
3. Anions: (CO3)2-, S2-, (SO3)2-, (NO2)-, (SO4)2-, Cℓ-, Br-, I-, (PO4)3-, (C2O4)2-, CH3COO-, NO3-

(NOTE: Insoluble salts excluded)

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Prepare Using CBSE 12th Class Chemistry Syllabus

Using the syllabus to prepare for Chemistry CBSE 12 is essential for efficient study and examination preparedness.

Get familiar with the syllabus: Go over the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry syllabus in detail first. Identify the subjects, chapters, and relative importance of each unit. You'll have a clear idea of what to concentrate on during your preparation because of this.

Arrange Your Study Materials: Compile all of the required study resources, including as question banks, reference books, notes, and textbooks. Make sure you have access to practice papers and question papers from prior years.

Create a Study Timetable: Create a study plan under the syllabus. Depending on the importance and intricacy of each topic or chapter, assign distinct periods for them. you prevent burnout, be sure you incorporate regular pauses.

Consider Every Subject Completely: Pay close attention to your study plan and thoroughly go over each subject. Begin with the fundamentals and work your way up to more complex ideas. For clarifications, examples, and illustrations, use your textbooks, notes, and other resources.

Practice Numerical Problems: Alongside theoretical concepts, Chemistry 12 includes numerical problems. To improve your problem-solving abilities, practice answering the numerical questions from each chapter. Focus on the relevant mathematical ideas, key figures, and units.

Identify Mechanisms and Reactions in Chemistry: Make an effort to comprehend the equations, methods, and chemical reactions covered in the curriculum. Keep a close eye on reaction processes, chemical equation balance, and reaction product prediction.

Memorise Important Terms and Formulae: As directed by the CBSE class 12 chemistry syllabus, commit definitions, key terms, equations, and formulae to memory. Make flashcards or mnemonic devices to help with revision and memorization.

Review Often and Revise Carefully: Go back over the material you've covered frequently and edit it carefully. To strengthen your comprehension, use revising strategies including creating concept maps, summarising your notes, and mentoring others.

Answer sample papers and question papers from prior years: Within the allotted time, practise answering sample papers and question papers from prior years. This will assist you in becoming acquainted with the format of the test, enhancing your time management abilities, and pinpointing areas that still need work.

The goal of the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus for 2024–2025 is to help students understand all of the fundamental concepts and laws of chemistry. Its primary objective is to prepare students for careers and additional coursework in chemistry. Students can take the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry test with confidence and succeed if they work hard and put in effort.