Complete NCERT Physics Textbook Class 12 PDF Download

NCERT Physics Class 12 Textbook PDF

Newly designed textbooks have been launched by NCERT, which completely sticks to the new syllabus under the new guidelines for Physics examination 2025-2026. There will be no question asked which is not given in NCERT Physics Class 12 Textbook. Whole exam paper would be made from the textbook PDF (Part 1 and Part 2) given below in this blog

The book PDFs covers all the important topics and concepts that are prescribed in NCERT Curriculum and CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus. In recent years, not only CBSE-affiliated schools but schools from other state boards have started to apply NCERT books (including NCERT Exemplar) for academic year study of class 12, because of their effectiveness.

Explore Below the links to Complete NCERT Class 12 Physics Book PDFs - Part 1 and Part 2 and also links to Chapter Wise PDFs of the books.

NCERT Class 12 Physics Textbook Part 1 Chapter-wise PDF

NCERT Physics Class 12 Book Part-I PDF

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NCERT Class 12 Physics Textbook Part 2 Chapter-wise PDF

NCERT Physics Class 12 Book Part-II PDF

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Important Topics In NCERT Physics Textbook Class 12:

PART I

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields

• Coulomb's law and its vector form - Describes the interaction of two point charges by force and their vector representation.
• Electric field due to a point charge and a system of charges - Electric field calculation for a point charge and system of charges. 
• Electric dipole and its behavior in a uniform electric field - An electric dipole is a pair of equal and opposite charges, also learn about its orientation in a uniform electric field.

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

• Electrostatic potential and its relation to electric field - Define electrostatic potential, electric field and calculation of elec. potential. 
• Capacitance and its calculation - Capacitors are like small batteries that store charge. It is calculated for different shapes and sizes, for parallel plate, cylindrical and spherical capacitors.
• Dielectric and capacitance - Dielectrics increases the capacitance of the capacitors. Properties of dielectric material and their effects.

Chapter 3: Current Electricity

• Ohm's law and its validity - This law states that current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied. Learn conditions under which ohms law is applicable. 
• Electrical resistance and resistivity - Electrical resistance definition, dependence on material properties (also called resistivity) and factors affecting it
• Combination of resistors - (series and parallel) combinations, and equivalent resistance

Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

• Biot-Savart law and its applications - This relates to calculating the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying conductor (wire or loop).  It has various applications in physics and the real world. 
• Ampere's circuital law and its applications - This law relates to the magnetic field of a close current loop, and has various applications. 
• Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field - it explains the principle used in particle accelerators. Its basically when the particle move in a magnetic field it experiences a charge upon itself.  

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

• Magnetic properties of materials -  Classification of materials on how they respond to the magnet.
• Dia, para, and ferromagnetic substances - Characterized by weekly repelled, weekly attracted , strongly attracted and unaffected materials. 
• Hysteresis and its applications - Phenomenon of hysteresis and usage. This property is useful in devices like hard drives and credit cards.

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction

• Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction - the principle behind generators and motors, principles governing the production of an induced EMF and magnetic flux. 
• Lenz's law and its applications - relates to the direction of induced current , and its applications like being used in electromagnetic devices.
• Self and mutual inductance - Self-inductance is a self opposing property of a conductor to oppose against changes in its own current. Mutual inductance two coils inducing currents in each other. Important in electrical circuits and devices.

Chapter 7: Alternating Current

• AC circuits with resistance, inductance, and capacitance - behavior analysis of capacitors, inductors and resistors.
• LCR series and parallel resonant circuits - Principle of resonance in LCR series and parallel circuits.  
• Power in AC circuits and power factor - Calculation of power in AC circuits and the concept of power factor.

Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

• Displacement current and Maxwell's equations - Concept of displacement current and its role in Maxwell's equations. Displacement current accounts for the way these fields can propagate through space.
• Electromagnetic wave equation and its characteristics - Derivation of the electromagnetic wave equation and the characteristics of EM waves.
• Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves -  Explanation of the transverse nature of E-waves. Electromagnetic waves like light and radio waves are transverse, meaning the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

PART II

Chapter 1: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

• Reflection and refraction of light - Laws of reflection and refraction, and their applications.
• Spherical mirrors and thin lenses - Formation of images by spherical mirrors and thin lenses, and their characteristics. Curved mirrors and lenses can be used to form images by reflecting or refracting light in specific ways. 
• Optical instruments: microscope, telescope, and others - Working principles of optical instruments like microscopes, telescopes, and other devices. These devices use combinations of mirrors and lenses to magnify or capture images of objects.

Chapter 2: Wave Optics

• Interference of light waves -  Phenomenon of interference, conditions for interference, and its applications. Devices like microscopes, telescopes, and cameras use combinations of mirrors and lenses to magnify or capture images of objects.
• Diffraction of light waves - Phenomenon of diffraction, conditions for diffraction, and its applications. Explains various optical effects.
• Polarization of light waves -  Concept of polarization of light waves and its applications. Light waves can be polarized, meaning their oscillations are restricted to a specific plane. 

Chapter 3: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

• Photoelectric effect and its experimental study - Phenomenon of photoelectric effect, its experimental observations, and their explanations. This photoelectric effect was a key experiment that led to the development of quantum mechanics.
• Matter waves and the de Broglie relation - Concept of matter waves and the de Broglie relation between wavelength and momentum. The de Broglie relation connects their wavelength to their momentum.
• Concepts of uncertainty principle -  Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and its implications. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle states that we cannot measure certain pairs of properties, like position and momentum, with perfect accuracy at the same time. 

Chapter 4: Atoms

• Atomic models: Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr - Development of atomic models, their features, and their contributions. Thomson model (a positively charged sphere with embedded electrons) to the Rutherford model (a dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons) to the Bohr model (which introduced quantized orbits).
• Hydrogen atom and its spectra - Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom and the explanation of its spectra.The Bohr model could successfully explain the emission spectra of hydrogen, which arise from electrons transitioning between different energy levels.
• Quantum numbers and their significance - Concept of quantum numbers, their physical significance, and their role in describing atomic orbitals. These numbers are crucial for understanding atomic structure and behaviour.

Chapter 5: Nuclei

• Nuclear constituents and nuclear forces - Composition of the nucleus, properties of nuclear forces, and their characteristics. The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons, held together by strong nuclear forces 
• Radioactivity and its types -  Phenomenon of radioactivity, different types of radioactive emissions, and their properties. Certain nuclei are unstable and undergo spontaneous decay, emitting various types of radiation like alpha, beta, and gamma rays. This process is known as radioactivity.
• Nuclear reactions and their applications -  Different types of nuclear reactions and their applications in various fields.These reactions have applications in power generation, medicine, and other fields.

Chapter 6: Semiconductor Electronics

• Semiconductor materials and their properties -  Properties of semiconductor materials, their energy band structure, and their conductivity. Materials like silicon and germanium are semiconductors. Their properties can be controlled by doping with impurities.
• Semiconductor diodes and their characteristics - Working principles of semiconductor diodes, their characteristics, and their applications. Different types of diodes have various applications in electronics.
• Transistors and their applications -  Working principles of transistors, their types, and their applications in electronic circuits.Transistors are the building blocks of modern electronics and are found in countless devices and circuits.

How to Score 90+ in Physics in Class 12th

Now that you have your hands on the NCERT Class 12 Physics textbook, let’s discuss how to make the most use of it to score 90+ in your board exams.

Understanding the Syllabus:

• Before getting into the depth of your studies, take some time to get yourself known with the Class 12 Physics syllabus. Go through the key topics and concepts outlined by CBSE NCERT, and make a study plan accordingly. This will help you stay effective and organised and focused throughout your preparation journey.
  

Effective Study Techniques:

• As you sneak peek into each chapter of the NCERT textbook, imply effective study techniques to enhance your learning experience. Try the chunking technique, where you break down complex and hard topics into smaller and more manageable chunks/ sections. Make concise notes and highlight keep points which will be beneficial for your revision days.
  

Practice with Previous Year Questions:

• One of the best ways to grow your understanding and preparation for the exams is by practicing with previous year’s questions. Physics Previous Year Questions are crucial for gaining good marks in good exams. Pay close attention to the exam pattern and types of questions asked, as the paper will be exactly according to the same pattern and questions might repeat.

And it's not just limited to Physics – plan your Chemistry exams smoothly with Class12 NCERT Chemistry textbooks and Class12 NCERT Chemistry Exemplar as questions are being directly asked from them in the exams.

Importance Of NCERT 12th Class Physics Book PDF

For the overall growth of a student, Class 12 NCERT Physics PDF is essential in the academic curriculum. These books are designed to help students learn in a structured and organized manner. The NCERT books are authored by the experts and after the rigorous editing process, the books get published for the academic journey. 

The name NCERT itself is sufficient, but in the section below you can find a few reasons to understand why NCERT books are an integral part of exam preparations.

• NCERT books are considered as the bible for strengthening the foundation for any subject. For exam preparations and course content, books are the number 1 preference for students.
• To have the subject proficiency with clear concepts and examples, the book is the base for preparing for a higher level of education.
• The books are cost-efficient.
• The book provides a large coverage of chapter explanations with practical exercises that help in improving literary and language skills.