CBSE Syllabus Accounts Class 12 2026 | Free PDF for 2025-26 Exams

Latest CBSE syllabus Class 12 Accountancy 2025-26 sessions is now released.

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Accountancy is a crucial subject for commerce students, providing a strong foundation in financial management, business operations, and corporate accounting. The CBSE Class 12 Accountancy syllabus for 2025-26 is structured to help students develop a deep understanding of financial statements, company accounts, and cash flow analysis while strengthening their problem-solving skills.

This syllabus covers essential topics such as Partnership Accounts, Company Accounts, and Financial Statement Analysis, ensuring students gain both theoretical knowledge and practical application. It aligns with the latest educational standards and equips students with the necessary skills for higher studies in commerce, finance, and management.

Designed to be student-friendly, the syllabus focuses on conceptual clarity, analytical thinking, and application-based learning. It also integrates NCERT guidelines to ensure a seamless learning experience, making it easier for students to prepare for board exams and competitive tests.

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Accountancy Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Structure 

The Class 12 Accountancy 2026 syllabus is designed to develop students' understanding of financial management, business transactions, and company accounts. It is divided into three main sections: Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organisations, Partnership Firms & Companies, Financial Statement Analysis, and Project Work

Part A: Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies

Unit 1: Accounting for Partnership Firms

The fundamental ideas in partnership accounting are usually covered in Accounting for Partnership Firms in CBSE Class 12 Accounts. These include the nature of partnerships, the components of partnership deeds, the accounting procedures for partner admission, retirement, and death, and the generation of financial statements for partnership firms.

Nature of Partnership: Knowing what a partnership is and what it entails, such as shared revenues and losses, unhindered responsibility, and joint decision.

Partnership Deeds: Examining the contents and significance of a partnership deed, which describes the terms and conditions of the partnership, including capital contributions, obligations, and partner rights and profit-sharing ratios.

Establishing Capital Accounts: Acquiring the knowledge to keep track of each partner's unique capital accounts, as well as to record investments, withdrawals, and adjustments for gains and losses.

Distribution of Profit & Loss: Gaining knowledge of the techniques used to divide earnings among partners, such as interest on capital and fixed and changing ratios, is essential.

Admission of a Partner: Analysing the accounting procedures associated with bringing on a new partner, such as revaluing assets and liabilities, adjusting capital, and calculating new profit-sharing ratios.

Retirement and Partner Death: Acquiring knowledge of the accounting processes related to retiring or deceased partners, such as determining the retiring partner's goodwill share, settling their account, adjusting their assets and liabilities, and managing the deceased partner's profit share until the partner's retirement or death date.

Reconstitution of Partnership: Knowing how to reorganise a partnership when there are adjustments to profit-sharing agreements, partner admissions, retirements, or deaths.

Preparation of Final Accounts: Knowing how to produce the final accounting, such as the balance sheet and the profit and loss appropriation account for partnership businesses, and including the appropriate adjustments for profit sharing, interest on withdrawals, interest on capital, etc.

Unit 2. Accounting for Companies

In Unit 2, the primary focus is on comprehending and using company-specific accounting concepts and processes, such as the issuing of shares and debentures, preparing financial statements, paying managers, distributing dividends, and using financial analysis tools.

Accounting for Share Capitals: Definition of share capital and kinds of shares (preference and equity). Documenting the share issuance at discount, premium, and par. Handling of share reissue and forfeiture.

Accounting of Debentures: Recognising the several forms of debentures, including secured and unsecured and detailing the debenture issue. Debenture redemption, together with the establishment of a reserve for it. You will also learn about Debenture interest and how it is treated in accounting.

Final Accounts of Companies: In compliance with the Companies Act, the trading, profit and loss account, and balance sheet are prepared. You will also learn about the obligations for disclosure set down in Schedule III of the Companies Act. Recognising important terminology such as paid-up capital, issued capital, subscribed capital, and authorised capital.

Managerial Remuneration: The accounting approach and computation of profit-sharing, commission, and salary as different kinds of managerial compensation.

Divisible Profits and Dividends: Divisible earnings are calculated to distribute dividends. Various dividend kinds (equity, preference, final, and interim) and dividend distribution tax are included in the accounting treatment of dividends in this chapter.

Accounts of Not-for-Profit Organizations:

Being aware of the accounting practices unique to nonprofit institutions. Balance sheet, income and expenditure account, and receipts and payments account preparation. Handling of gifts, legacies, subscriptions, etc.

Financial Statements Analysis: Fundamental methods of financial analysis, including comparative financial statements and ratio analysis. Analysing financial accounts to evaluate a company's performance and financial standing.

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Part B: Financial Statement Analysis

Unit 3. Analysis of Financial Statements

To comprehend a company's financial performance and health, one of the most important topics covered in CBSE Class 12 Accounts is the study of financial statements. 

Introduction to Financial Statement Analysis: Students are introduced to the goal and significance of financial statement analysis in this module. It talks about how financial analysis aids in the decision-making of stakeholders, including creditors, investors, and management.

Tools and Techniques of Financial Analysis:

• Ratio Analysis: Ratio analysis is the process of computing and analysing a variety of financial ratios to assess the performance of a business in terms of liquidity, profitability, solvency, and efficiency. Notable ratios are the debt-to-equity ratio, the quick and current ratios for liquidity, the gross profit margin and net profit margin for profitability, and the inventory turnover and accounts receivable turnover ratios for activity.
• Comparative Financial Statements: To find patterns and alterations in the company's financial situation and performance over time, financial statements from several accounting periods are compared.
• Common-Size Financial Statements: The percentage of each line item in common-size financial statements is expressed concerning a base item, which is typically total assets for the balance sheet and total revenue for the income statement. This makes it easier to compare businesses of various sizes or across time within the same business.

Interpretation and Significance: Students learn how to understand financial analysis data in this module. It highlights how crucial industry standards and context are to understanding ratios and other financial indicators.

Limitations of Financial Statement Analysis: Students are taught about the negative aspects and constraints of financial analysis, including its dependence on past data, the possibility of financial statement manipulation, and the influence of outside variables such as shifts in the status of the economy or changes in business patterns.

Case Studies and Practical Application: Students often find themselves able to apply the principles they have learnt in real-world circumstances through the inclusion of practical activities and case studies. These might entail looking at the financial records of real businesses or speculative situations.

Unit 4. Cash Flow Statement

The Cash Flow Statement, a financial statement which describes a company's cash inflows and outflows over a given period, is usually covered in Unit 4 of Class 12 Accounts. 

Introduction to Cash Flow Statement: One of the financial statements created by businesses to examine the movements of cash over a specific period is the cash flow statement. It aids in determining a company's liquidity and solvency.

Purpose of Cash Flow Statement: The Cash Flow Statement's main objective is to give information on the cash created by financing, investing, and operating activities. It facilitates stakeholder understanding of a company's financial resource management.

Format of Cash Flow Statement: Generally, there are three areas in the cash flow statement: financing activities, investing activities, and operating activities. The cash flows associated with each section's specific operations are described in depth.

Operating Activities: Cash flows from the company's primary business activities, such as sales income, supplier payments, employee wages, etc., are included in this part. It offers information about the company's capacity to make money from its main business activities.

Investing Activities: This section contains cash flows from both financial and long-term asset investments, such as property, plant, and equipment (PP&E). It facilitates stakeholders' comprehension of the business's investment choices.

Financing Activities: Financing operations include cash flows from borrowing, issuing equity, repaying loans, and disbursing dividends. This section describes the company's capital raising and financial liabilities management procedures.

Preparation of Cash Flow Statement: One of the two methods—direct or indirect—is used to create the cash flow statement. While the direct method displays cash revenues and payments from operational operations, the indirect approach starts with net income and adjusts for non-cash items and changes in working capital.

Significance of Cash Flow Analysis: A company's cash position, liquidity, and overall financial health may all be evaluated by analysing its cash flow statement. It also helps in projecting future cash flows and assessing the capacity of the business to fulfil its short- and long-term commitments.

Limitations of Cash Flow Statement: The Cash Flow Statement has certain limitations even though it offers insightful information. For example, it may not accurately reflect a company's real profitability since it ignores non-cash activities like depreciation.

Interpretation and Analysis: To make wise judgements, stakeholders such as creditors, investors, and management examine the Cash Flow Statement. They evaluate the business's cash-generating capacity, financing and investment operations, and overall financial performance.

Project Work

One specific project based on financial statement analysis of a company covering any two aspects from the following:

1. Comparative and common size financial statements
2. Accounting Ratios
3. Segment Reports
4. Cash Flow Statements

The comprehensive project may contain simple GST calculations.

Overview of the CBSE Accountancy Syllabus Class 12 2025-26

The Class 12 Accountancy syllabus is structured to provide students with a solid understanding of financial accounting, business transactions, and financial statement analysis. It emphasises conceptual clarity, analytical skills, and practical application to prepare students for higher education and professional careers in finance, accounting, and business management

Important Highlights of the Syllabus:

• Covers Not-for-Profit Organisations, Partnership Firms, and Company Accounts
• Includes Financial Statement Analysis and Cash Flow Statements
• Encourages practical application through project work
• Aligned with NCERT guidelines for a structured learning approach
• Prepares students for board exams, university courses, and careers in commerce and finance

Syllabus Structure:

The syllabus is divided into three main parts:

Part A: Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organisations, Partnership Firms & Companies

• Not-for-Profit Organisations – Preparation of receipts & payments accounts, income & expenditure accounts, and balance sheets
• Partnership Firms – Fundamentals, changes in partnership structure, retirement, dissolution, and goodwill adjustments
• Company Accounts – Share capital, issue and forfeiture of shares, and preparation of financial statements

Part B: Financial Statement Analysis

• Analysis of Financial Statements – Interpretation using financial tools, comparative and common-size statements
• Cash Flow Statement – Preparation and evaluation based on accounting standards

Part C: Project Work

• Hands-on experience through financial analysis, record-keeping, and data interpretation

The syllabus offers a balanced mix of theory and practical learning, equipping students with the necessary skills to excel in accountancy, finance, and business-related fields. It provides a strong foundation for further studies and professional opportunities in commerce and economics.

How to Handle the Lengthy Syllabus of Class 12 2026 Accounting? 

The Class 12 CBSE Accountancy syllabus can feel overwhelming due to its vast topics and complex concepts. However, with the right approach, you can manage your studies effectively and score well on your exams. Here are some practical tips to help you tackle the lengthy syllabus with ease.

Understand the Syllabus Structure

Start by going through the syllabus and dividing it into smaller sections. Accountancy is broadly divided into:

• Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organisations, Partnership Firms & Companies
• Financial Statement Analysis
• Cash Flow Statements
• Project Work

Understanding these divisions will help you plan your study schedule better.

Make a Study Plan

• Allocate time for each chapter based on its weightage in the exam.
• Focus more on difficult topics while ensuring regular revision of easier ones.
• Set daily and weekly goals to track your progress.

Strengthen Your Concepts

• Read the NCERT textbook carefully, as it forms the base for board exams.
• Pay special attention to fundamental concepts like journal entries, ledger posting, and financial statements.
• Use simple notes and flowcharts to summarise important topics.

Practise Regularly

• Accountancy requires constant practice. Solve past years’ question papers and sample papers.
• Attempt numerical problems daily to improve speed and accuracy.
• Work on NCERT Exemplar and additional practice books for better understanding.

Focus on Presentation

• Write answers neatly with proper formats for journal entries, ledger accounts, and balance sheets.
• Highlight important points and ensure calculations are accurate.
• Follow CBSE marking schemes and formats to avoid losing marks.

Revise and Clarify Doubts

• Regularly revise to retain concepts and avoid last-minute stress.
• Discuss doubts with teachers, classmates, or online study groups.
• Use short revision notes to go through important formulas and concepts.

Stay Consistent and Motivated

• Avoid procrastination and stick to your study schedule.
• Take short breaks to stay refreshed and avoid burnout.
• Stay positive and believe in your ability to master the subject.

Handling the Class 12 Accountancy syllabus requires smart planning, consistent practice, and a clear understanding of concepts. By following a structured approach, you can simplify your studies, boost your confidence, and perform well in your board exams.

Study Plan Using Accountancy Class 12 Syllabus

The Class 12 Accountancy syllabus is vast, but with a well-structured study plan, you can cover all topics effectively and perform well in your exams. Below is a step-by-step guide to help you manage your studies efficiently.

Understand the Syllabus and Marking Scheme

Before starting, go through the CBSE syllabus carefully. The syllabus is divided into:

• Part A: Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organisations, Partnership Firms & Companies
• Part B: Financial Statement Analysis
• Part C: Project Work

Identify high-weightage topics and prioritise them in your study plan.

Create a Weekly Study Schedule

A balanced study routine ensures better retention and less stress. Here’s a suggested weekly plan:

Week 1-2: Basics and Not-for-Profit Organisations

• Revise fundamental accounting concepts.
• Study Not-for-Profit Organisations (NPO): receipts & payments account, income & expenditure account, and balance sheet.
• Solve NPO-based numerical questions for better clarity.

Week 3-5: Partnership Accounts

• Cover Partnership Fundamentals: profit-sharing, goodwill treatment, and adjustments.
• Study Admissions, Retirement, and Death of a Partner with journal entries.
• Learn Dissolution of Partnership Firm and related accounting procedures.
• Practise past papers and sample questions for better accuracy.

Week 6-8: Company Accounts

• Study Share Capital: issue, forfeiture, and reissue of shares.
• Focus on the Financial Statements of a Company and their format.
• Revise key concepts and work on numerical problems.

Week 9-10: Financial Statement Analysis

• Learn Comparative and Common-Size Statements for financial analysis.
• Study Ratio Analysis and its applications in business decisions.
• Understand Cash Flow Statements and practise problems regularly.

Week 11-12: Revision & Project Work

• Revise all topics using short notes and formula sheets.
• Solve sample papers and previous years’ questions under timed conditions.
• Complete the Accountancy project, ensuring proper documentation and presentation.

Daily Study Routine for Accountancy

• Morning (1-2 hours): Read theory concepts and summarise key points.
• Afternoon (1-2 hours): Solve practical problems from textbooks and sample papers.
• Evening (30-45 mins): Revise formulas, journal entries, and key accounting formats.

Tips for Effective Preparation

• Practise daily – Accountancy is a practical subject, so regular practice is essential.
• Focus on clarity – Ensure you understand the logic behind journal entries and adjustments.
• Follow CBSE formats – Present answers neatly and in the prescribed format.
• Revise regularly – Go through previous topics every weekend to avoid forgetting concepts.
• Attempt mock tests – Solve sample papers under exam conditions to improve time management.

A disciplined approach to studying Class 12 Accountancy can make the subject easier to understand and score well in exams. Stay consistent, revise regularly, and focus on conceptual clarity. With the right strategy, you can master Accountancy and excel in your board exams.