Complete NCERT Chemistry Textbook Class 12 PDF Download

NCERT Class 12 Chemistry textbooks are the most important study material which is curated to provide clear understanding of physical, organic and inorganic chemistry. 

The textbook is aligned with the NEP 2020 and latest CBSE syllabus, ensuring a stability between conceptual understanding and application based learning. 

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Download Class 12 NCERT Chemistry Book 1 PDF

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Download Class 12 NCERT Chemistry Book 2 PDF

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NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Textbook: Overview 

Chemistry Class 12 helps students connect chemical concepts with real-life applications such as electrochemical cells, polymers, biomolecules, and industrial chemistry. 

It strengthens analytical thinking and numerical problem-solving, which are essential for board exams as well as competitive exams like JEE and NEET.

Key Pointers for Class 12 NCERT Chemistry 

• Prepared according to the latest CBSE curriculum for the 2026–27 academic session
• Structured coverage of Physical, Organic, and Inorganic Chemistry concepts
• Emphasis on numericals, chemical equations, reaction mechanisms, and real-world applications
• Includes a variety of question types such as assertion-reason, case-based, and NCERT exercise questions 

NCERT Chemistry Textbook for Class 12 

• Unit 1:Solutions - Covers concentration terms, solubility, and colligative properties of solutions.
• Unit 2:Electrochemistry - Explains redox reactions, electrochemical cells, and conductivity concepts.
• Unit 3:Chemical Kinetics - Focuses on rate of reactions and factors affecting reaction speed.
• Unit 4:The d-and f-Block Elements - Discusses properties and applications of transition and inner transition elements.
• Unit 5:Coordination Compounds -  Covers bonding, structure, and applications of coordination complexes.
• Unit 6:Haloalkanes and Haloarenes - Explains preparation, properties, and reactions of halogen derivatives.
• Unit 7:Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers - Focuses on structure, properties, and reactions of oxygen-containing compounds.
• Unit 8:Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids - Covers carbonyl compounds and their chemical reactions.
• Unit 9:Amines - Discusses preparation, properties, and reactions of amines.
• Unit 10:Biomolecules - Explains structure and functions of carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Chemistry NCERT Class 12 Study Material

The study material offered by NCERT Chemistry Class 12 is enough to score well in the board exams. The NCERT study material provided for Chemistry is one of the most reliable resources for students. 

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Chapters Deleted: Class 12 Chemistry Textbook 

As per the guidelines by CBSE, there are no deletions in the syllabus for NCERT Chemistry for Class 12. The syllabus for the year 2026-27 will be similar to that of the previous year.

Most Asked Questions from NCERT Class 12 Chemistry 

Here are some of the questions from Class 12 NCERT Chemistry which are mostly asked in the CBSE board exams. 

Unit 1: Solution 

Q1. Calculate the molarity of 9.8% (w/w) solution of H2SO4 if the density of the solution is 1.02 g mL–1. (Molar mass of H2SO4 is 98 g mol–1)

Ans. Mass of solute = 9.8 g

Mass of solution  = 100 g  

Density of solution  = 1.02 g mL^-1

∴ Volume of solution  = Mass of Solution/Density of Solution 

=100g/1.02g mL^-1

=  98.039 mL = 0.098 L

Number of moles of solute,

n = 9.8/98 = 0.1 mol

Number of moles 

Molarity = of solute/Volume of solution (in L)

0.1 mol/0.098 L = 1.02 M

Q2. Explain the effect of temperature on the solubility of a solid in a liquid.

Ans. For many solids dissolved in liquid water, the solubility increases with temperature. The increase in kinetic energy that comes with higher temperatures allows the solvent molecules to more effectively break apart the solute molecules that are held together by intermolecular attractions. Le Chatelier’s principle is followed in this. 

According to Le Chatelier’s principle in an exothermic process the solubility should decrease with the increase of the temperature whereas for the endothermic process the solubility should increase with the decrease of the temperature.

Unit 2: Electrochemistry 

Q1.  Discuss the variations of molar conductivity with concentration in detail. 

Ans.  The conductivity produced by 1 mol of ions of the electrolyte in the solution is called its molar conductivity. At a given concentration, the molar conductivity of a solution is the conductance of volume V of solution that contains 1 mol of electrolyte, kept between two electrodes at a distance of unit length and area of cross section A. The molar conductivity of ionic solution depends on temperature and the concentration of electrolytes in solution. It increases with decrease in concentration of electrolyte in solution (dilution). 

This is because the total volume containing 1 mol of electrolyte increases on dilution. The molar conductivity of strong electrolytes increases gradually on dilution. This is because the number of ions remains the same, but the interionic attractions decrease on dilution. The molar conductivity of weak electrolytes increases drastically on dilution. On dilution, the number of ions increases because the degree of dissociation of weak electrolytes increases. This increases the molar conductivity of weak electrolytes drastically.

Q2. Calculate the mass of Ag deposited at cathode when a current of 2 ampere was passed through a solution of AgNO3 for 15 minutes. 

[Given : Molar mass of Ag = 108 g mol–1, F = 96500 C mol–1] 

Ans. Given   I = 2 A, t = 15 min = 15 × 60 s = 900 s, w = ?

Q = I x t = 2 x 900 = 1800 C

Reaction for deposition of Ag is as follows: 

Ag⁺ + 1e^-  → Ag 

1F                1 Mol 

 1 × 96500 C  108 g

Thus 1 × 96500 C of electricity is required to deposit 108 g of Ag

∴ 1800 C of electricity would deposit 

= 108 x 1800/1 x 96500

= 2.014 g of Ag

Unit 5: Coordination Compounds 

Q1.  Explain the following giving examples: 

(A)  Ambidentate ligand 

(B)  Coordination number 

(C) Chelate complex

Ans. (A) Ligand which can ligate through two different atoms is called ambidentate ligand. Examples of such ligands are the NO₂^- and SCN^- ions. NO₂^- ions can coordinate either through nitrogen or through oxygen to a central metal atom/ion.

(B) The coordination number of a metal ion in a complex can be defined as the number of ligand donor atoms to which the metal is directly bonded. For example, in the complex ion, [Ni(CN)4]^2- coordination number of Ni is 4.

(C)  When a di- or polydentate ligand uses its two or more donor atoms to bind a single metal ion, it is said to be a chelate ligand. Such complexes are called chelate complexes. E.g., [Co(en)₃]³⁺

Q2. Answer the following questions:  

(A) [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺_(aq) is green in colour whereas [Ni(H₂O)₄ (en)]²⁺_(aq) is blue in colour, give reason in support of your answer.

(B) Write the formula and hybridization of the following compound: tris(ethane-1,2–diamine) cobalt(III) sulphate

Ans. (A)  The colour of the coordination compound depends upon the type of ligand and d-d transition taking place. H₂O is weak field ligand, which causes small splitting, leading to the d-d transition corresponding green colour, however due to the presence of (en) which is strong field ligand , the splitting is increased. Due to the change in t_2g - e_g splitting the colouration of the compound changes from green to blue.

(B)  Formula of the compound is [Co(H₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂)₃]₂ (SO₄)₃ The hybridisation of the compound is: d²sp³. 

Unit 9: Amines 

Q1. Amongst the following, the strongest base in aqueous medium is

(a )CH₃NH₂ (b) NCCH₂NH₂

(c) (CH₃)₂NH (d) C₆H₅NHCH₃

Ans. (C) (CH₃)₂NH

The basicity of secondary amines is more than that of primary amines in aqueous medium. So, the basicity of (CH₃)₂NH is more  than that of CH₃NH₂. The basicity of NCCH₂NH₂ would be less than that of CH3NH2 due to the –I effect of the –CN group. Also, the basicity of C₆H₅NHCH₃ would be less than those of (CH₃)₂NH and CH₃NH₂ because the lone pair of electrons on the N atom are in conjugation with the π electrons of the benzene ring. Therefore, out of the following amines, the strongest base in aqueous medium is (CH₃)₂NH.

Q2. In the following question a statement of assertion (A) followed by a statement of reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the

following choices.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

2. Assertion (A): N-ethylbenzene sulphon-amide is soluble in alkali. 

Reason (R): Hydrogen attached to nitrogen in sulphonamide is strongly acidic.

Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation: N-ethylbenzene sulphonamide is soluble in alkali because the hydrogen attached to nitrogen in sulphonamide is strongly acidic.

Best Prep Tips Using Class 12 NCERT Chemistry

Preparing through the Class 12 NCERT Chemistry textbook can be structured effectively by following these tips:

• Focus on NCERT reactions and examples
  Most board questions are directly based on NCERT reactions, mechanisms, and examples.
• Practice numericals regularly
  Chapters like Electrochemistry and Solutions require consistent numerical practice.
• Revise formulas and concepts daily
  Keep a formula sheet for quick revision, especially for Physical Chemistry.
• Master reaction mechanisms
  Understanding organic reaction mechanisms helps in solving application-based questions easily.
• Practice NCERT back exercises and exemplar
  These questions are frequently repeated in exams with slight variations. 

FAQs

Q1. Which unit has the highest weightage in Class 12 Chemistry?

Ans. Organic Chemistry and Electrochemistry usually carry higher weightage.

Q2. How can students identify the latest version of the NCERT Chemistry textbook?

Ans. Students should always check the latest edition year printed on the book or download PDFs from official NCERT or trusted education websites like Educart to ensure they are studying updated content.

Q3. Are NCERT textbooks enough after syllabus updates?

Ans. Yes, NCERT textbooks remain the most reliable source even after updates. They are designed strictly as per the CBSE syllabus and are sufficient for board exam preparation.

Q4. What should teachers focus on after the latest NCERT updates?

Ans. Teachers should emphasise conceptual clarity, NCERT-based questions, and application-oriented teaching rather than relying on outdated reference materials.

Q5. How important are NCERT examples and in-text questions after syllabus changes?

Ans. Extremely important. Many board exam questions are directly inspired by NCERT examples and in-text exercises, even after updates.