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(ii)

• Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918. He was the main leader who protested against apartheid.
• He was arrested for sabotaging against the apartheid South African government.
• In 1962, he and seven other leaders were sentenced to life imprisonment for daring to oppose the apartheid regime in South Africa.
• He spent the next 27 years in South Africa's most dreaded prison, Robben Island.
• In prison, he had to work in a coal mine. After completing his punishment, he became the first black President of South Africa on 10 May 1994.
• He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1993 and received more than 250 awards. He retired in 1999 and decided not to stand for a second term. In South Africa, Mandela is often known as Madiba.
• On December 5, 2013, he passed away.
• A Long Walk to Freedom is an autobiography of Mandela that was published in 1995.
• In this book, he has described his childhood, education, and 27 years in prison.
• He has also talked about the social and political effects of apartheid and his struggle against this policy.