(i) Protonema – filamentous juvenile stage of moss gametophyte (e.g., Funaria).
(ii) Antheridium – male sex organ producing sperm (e.g., in moss, fern).
(iii) Archegonium – female flask-shaped sex organ that produces eggs (e.g., bryophytes, ferns).
(iv) Diplontic – life cycle where diploid sporophyte is dominant (e.g., angiosperms).
(v) Sporophyll – leaf that bears sporangia (e.g., fern frond with sori).
(vi) Isogamy – fusion of morphologically similar gametes (e.g., Chlamydomonas).

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