CBSE Class 10 Ch 7 Control & Coordination Notes 2025

Control and Coordination is one of the most conceptually rich chapters in Class 10 Science. It explains how living organisms detect, process, and respond to stimuli through the nervous system and hormones. This chapter introduces important biological mechanisms that are crucial not just for board exams, but also for higher-level Biology and entrance tests.

Control and Coordination Class 10 Notes Material PDF Download

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Table of Contents

Important Notes from Control and Coordination Class 10

Given below are hand-picked most asked topics from this chapter:

1. What is Control and Coordination?

• It is the process through which organisms maintain balance, detect changes (stimuli), and respond accordingly.
• In animals, it’s mainly done through the nervous system and endocrine system.
• In plants, coordination is achieved through hormones and movements.

2. Control and Coordination in Animals

A. Nervous System

Basic unit: Neuron

• Parts: Dendrite → Cell body → Axon → Axon Terminal
• Conducts electrical impulses

Types of neurons:

• Sensory Neurons - Carry message from receptor to CNS
• Motor Neurons - Carry message from CNS to effector
• Relay Neurons - Connect sensory and motor neurons inside CNS

B. Human Nervous System Structure

1. Central Nervous System (CNS) - Brain and Spinal Cord
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - Nerves that connect CNS to body
3. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - Involuntary actions (e.g., heartbeat)

C. Human Brain - Main Parts

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The brain is protected by the skull and cerebrospinal fluid.

3. Reflex Action

• Quick, automatic response to a stimulus (e.g., pulling hand away from hot object)
• Involves: Receptor → Sensory neuron → Spinal cord → Motor neuron → Effector
• Controlled by spinal cord, not brain

4. Coordination in Plants

Plants do not have a nervous system, but they still respond to stimuli using:

A. Tropic Movements (Directional)

• Phototropism - Response to light
• Geotropism - Response to gravity
• Hydrotropism - Response to water
• Thigmotropism - Response to touch
• Chemotropism - Response to chemicals (e.g., pollen tube)

B. Nastic Movements (Non-directional) - E.g., Folding of Mimosa pudica leaves when touched

C. Plant Hormones (Phytohormones)

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5. Hormones in Animals (Endocrine System)

Important Questions from Control and Coordination Class 10

1. Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark Each)

Q: What is a neuron?
Ans: A neuron is a nerve cell that transmits electrical impulses in the body.

Q: Which hormone is responsible for fruit ripening in plants?
Ans: Ethylene

Q: Name the part of the brain that controls voluntary actions.
Ans: Cerebrum

2. Short Answer Questions (2-3 Marks Each)

Q: Differentiate between sensory and motor neurons.
Ans: Sensory neurons carry impulses from sense organs to the brain/spinal cord, while motor neurons carry impulses from the brain/spinal cord to muscles or glands.

Q: Explain phototropism with an example.
Ans: Phototropism is the growth of a plant in response to light. Example: A plant stem bending toward sunlight.

Q: Write one difference between tropic and nastic movements.
Ans: Tropic movements are directional and depend on the stimulus direction (e.g., phototropism), while nastic movements are non-directional and depend on the intensity of the stimulus (e.g., folding of Mimosa leaves).

3. Long Answer Questions (4-5 Marks Each)

Q: Explain the structure and function of the human brain.
Ans: Structure and Function of Human Brain:
The human brain consists of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata.

• Cerebrum: Controls voluntary actions, thinking, memory, and intelligence.
• Cerebellum: Maintains posture and balance.
• Medulla: Controls involuntary actions like heartbeat and breathing.
  It is protected by the skull and surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid for cushioning.

Q: Describe the role of plant hormones with suitable examples.
Ans: Role of Plant Hormones:

• Auxins: Promote cell elongation and are responsible for phototropism.
• Gibberellins: Stimulate stem elongation and seed germination.
• Cytokinins: Promote cell division and delay leaf senescence.
• Abscisic Acid: Inhibits growth and promotes dormancy.
• Ethylene: Promotes fruit ripening.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

🚫 Confusing tropic (directional) and nastic (non-directional) movements.

🚫 Writing incorrect hormone functions (e.g., saying insulin increases blood sugar).

🚫 Forgetting names of brain parts and their functions.

🚫 Skipping diagrams for neuron and brain - both are important for exams.

🚫 Mixing reflex actions with voluntary actions - remember reflex is involuntary and instant.

Creative Ways to Make Notes for Control and Coordination

Here are a few interesting ways on how you can set your notes up for more effective study sessions:

• Draw diagrams of the neuron, reflex arc, brain parts - and label them clearly.
• Make a flowchart to explain how reflex action works.
• Use comparison tables for: Nervous vs Endocrine system and Plant vs Animal hormones
• Create mnemonics for remembering hormone functions (e.g., "TAPE" for Thyroxine, Adrenaline, Pancreatic hormones, Estrogen).

How Can Notes Help?

Notes are so useful and using them wisely could be more better, here are a few ways given below on how they could help you in your study routine:

• Saves time during revision - concepts like reflex arc, brain parts, and hormones are already simplified.
• Diagrams and labeled structures are frequently asked in exams - notes help memorize them.
• Helps identify connections between plant and animal control systems.
• Useful for case-based and assertion-reason type questions.
• Strengthens long-term memory through structured visual notes and keyword maps.

The Control and Coordination chapter offers fascinating insight into how living beings sense and respond to their environment. It combines biology, chemistry, and basic physics of signals. With structured revision notes, diagrams, and repeated practice of important questions, you can master this chapter easily for your Class 10 Science Board Exam.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is control and coordination in the human body?

Control and coordination refer to the ability of the body to regulate and coordinate its various activities. It involves the nervous system and the endocrine system working together to maintain homeostasis, respond to stimuli, and ensure proper functioning of all organs and systems.

2. What are the main components of the nervous system?

The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes sensory and motor neurons. The CNS processes information, and the PNS carries messages to and from the CNS.

3. What are neurons and how do they function?

Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical impulses in the nervous system. They consist of a cell body, dendrites (which receive signals), and an axon (which sends signals). Neurons communicate via electrical impulses and neurotransmitters at synapses.

4. What is the role of hormones in control and coordination?

Hormones are chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands that regulate various physiological processes in the body. They help in long-term control of body functions such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response. Examples include insulin, adrenaline, and thyroid hormones.

5. What is the difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system in control and coordination?

The nervous system uses electrical impulses to transmit messages rapidly between different parts of the body, ensuring quick responses. The endocrine system uses hormones, which are slower but provide longer-lasting control over bodily functions. Both systems work together to regulate the body’s functions.