NCERT Class 10 Syllabus

April 21, 2025

Class 10–the year every student remembers! It’s not just another class; it’s the foundation for your future. Whether you love Maths, fear Science, or enjoy Social Science, the NCERT Class 10 syllabus has something for everyone. The best part? If you stick to NCERT books, cracking the board exams becomes a lot easier.

Feeling the syllabus is too much to handle? You’re not alone. The trick is simple — break it down, stay consistent, make neat notes, and practise NCERT questions like your best friend. Believe it or not, most questions in the CBSE board exams come straight from NCERT!

Still confused about the difference between CBSE and NCERT Class 10 Syllabus? Here are a few questions students often ask:

  • Is there any difference between the CBSE syllabus and NCERT books?
  • Are NCERT books enough for CBSE Class 10 board exams?
  • Why does CBSE recommend NCERT books for exam preparation?
  • Do CBSE board papers follow NCERT patterns?
  • Should I refer to extra books apart from NCERT for Class 10?

Got the same questions in mind? Let’s clear the confusion and explore the syllabus in detail!

NCERT Class 10 Syllabus: Subject-wise Breakdown

The NCERT Class 10 Syllabus plays a major role in shaping a student’s academic foundation. Whether you are aiming to score high in board exams or preparing for competitive entrances, having a clear understanding of the syllabus is the first step towards success. Let’s explore the subject-wise breakdown to make your study plan smarter and more effective.

NCERT Class 10th Maths Syllabus

Mathematics often feels challenging, but the NCERT Class 10th Maths syllabus is designed to strengthen problem-solving skills and build confidence. 

NCERT Class 10th Maths Syllabus

Important topics include Real Numbers, Polynomials, Pair of Linear Equations, Triangles, Trigonometry, Surface Areas and Volumes, and Probability. Solving NCERT exercises and sample questions regularly can help you secure full marks.

  • Real Numbers: Properties of rational and irrational numbers, Euclid’s Division Algorithm.
  • Polynomials: Zeros of a polynomial and the relationship between zeros and coefficients.
  • Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables: Graphical and algebraic solutions including substitution and elimination methods.
  • Quadratic Equations: Solving quadratic equations by factorisation and using the quadratic formula.
  • Arithmetic Progression: Understanding sequences and finding nth terms and sum of n terms.
  • Triangles: Properties and theorems related to similar triangles.
  • Coordinate Geometry: Distance formula, section formula, and area of a triangle.
  • Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric ratios, identities, and simple problems on heights and distances.
  • Circles: Tangent properties and related theorems.
  • Constructions: Division of a line segment, construction of tangents to a circle.
  • Areas Related to Circles: Problems involving perimeter and area.
  • Surface Areas and Volumes: Cubes, cuboids, spheres, cylinders, cones, and combinations.
  • Statistics and Probability: Mean, median, mode, cumulative frequency, and basic probability concepts.

NCERT Science Syllabus for Class 10

The NCERT Science syllabus for Class 10 is divided into Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Chapters like Chemical Reactions, Acids, Bases and Salts, Electricity, The Human Eye and the Colourful World, and Heredity hold strong conceptual weight in the board exam. Studying the NCERT textbook and practising the in-text and end-text questions is the key to scoring well.

NCERT Class 10th Science Syllabus

If you want a detailed topic list, you can always refer to the NCERT syllabus for Class 10 Science PDF, which helps you stay updated and organised during your revision.

Chemical Reactions and Equations: Types of chemical reactions and balancing equations.

Acids, Bases and Salts: Their properties, reactions, and uses.

Metals and Non-Metals: Physical and Chemical Properties.

Carbon and its Compounds: Covalent bonding, versatile nature of carbon, and important carbon compounds.

Periodic Classification of Elements: Mendeleev’s and Modern Periodic Table.

Life Processes: Nutrition, respiration, transport, and excretion in plants and animals.

Control and Coordination: Nervous system, hormones in animals and plants.

How do Organisms Reproduce?: Modes of reproduction in plants and animals.

Heredity and Evolution: Mendel’s laws and Darwin’s theory.

Light – Reflection and Refraction: Image formation by spherical mirrors and lenses.

The Human Eye and the Colourful World: Structure and function of the eye, atmospheric refraction.

Electricity: Ohm’s Law, resistors, series and parallel circuits.

Magnetic Effects of Electric Current: Magnetic field, electromagnetic induction.

Sources of Energy: Conventional and non-conventional sources.

Our Environment: Ecosystem and Waste Management.

Sustainable Management of Natural Resources: Conservation and judicious use of resources.

Social Science

The NCERT Class 10 Social Science syllabus covers History, Geography, Political Science, and Economics. These subjects not only improve general awareness but also strengthen writing and map skills. Regular revision of NCERT questions can help you write well-structured and scoring answers in board exams.

NCERT Class 10th SST (History) Syllabus

NCERT Class 10th SST (Geography) Syllabus

NCERT Class 10th SST (Political Science) Syllabus

NCERT Class 10th SST (Economics) Syllabus

History:

  • The Rise of Nationalism in Europe.
  • Nationalism in India.
  • The Making of a Global World.
  • The Age of Industrialisation.
  • Print Culture and the Modern World.

Geography:

  • Resources and Development.
  • Forest and Wildlife Resources.
  • Water Resources.
  • Agriculture.
  • Minerals and Energy Resources.
  • Manufacturing Industries.
  • Lifelines of National Economy.

Political Science:

  • Power Sharing.
  • Federalism.
  • Democracy and Diversity.
  • Gender, Religion, and Caste.
  • Popular Struggles and Movements.
  • Political Parties.
  • Outcomes of Democracy.
  • Challenges to Democracy.

Economics:

  • Development.
  • Sectors of the Indian Economy.
  • Money and Credit.
  • Globalisation and the Indian Economy.
  • Consumer Rights.

English

The English syllabus helps improve comprehension, grammar, and writing. The NCERT Class 10 English textbooks ‘First Flight’ and ‘Footprints without Feet’ offer a balanced mix of prose and poetry, making the subject both interesting and scoring.

NCERT Class 10th English (First Flight) Syllabus

NCERT Class 10th English (Footprint Without Feet) Syllabus

First Flight (Textbook):

  • Prose: Stories like “A Letter to God,” “Two Stories about Flying,” “The Hack Driver,” etc.
  • Poetry: Poems like “Dust of Snow,” “Fire and Ice,” “Amanda!” and others.

Footprints Without Feet (Supplementary Reader):

  • Short stories including “A Triumph of Surgery,” “The Thief’s Story,” “The Making of a Scientist,” etc.

Grammar & Writing Skills:

  • Sentence reordering, gap filling, and editing.
  • Formal letters.
  • Analytical Paragraph writing.

Hindi

The Hindi syllabus focuses on reading fluency, writing practice and literary appreciation. The NCERT Class 10 textbooks Sparsh and Sanchayan cover prose, poetry, and grammar, which are regularly seen in the CBSE board question papers.

NCERT Class 10th Hindi (Kshitij) Syllabus

NCERT Class 10th Hindi (Kritika) Syllabus

NCERT Class 10th Hindi (Sanchayan) Syllabus

NCERT Class 10th Hindi (Sparsh) Syllabus

क्षितिज भाग-2: Collection of prose and poetry including works by famous Hindi authors and poets.

कृतिका भाग-2: Supplementary reader with short stories.

व्याकरण और लेखन कौशल: Grammar, comprehension, and various forms of creative writing.

Once you become familiar with the NCERT Class 10 syllabus, stick to NCERT textbooks for concept clarity. Whether it’s the NCERT Class 10th Maths syllabus or the NCERT Science syllabus for Class 10, consistent revision and solving exercises will help you build confidence and secure excellent marks.

Where can I find the NCERT Solutions for Class 10?

If you’re studying with the NCERT Class 10 syllabus, having the right solutions by your side can make a big difference. NCERT Solutions help you understand the correct way to solve textbook questions and strengthen your grasp of every concept.

Whether you are revising the NCERT Class 10th Maths syllabus or preparing for your Science paper, practising with well-explained solutions is the smartest way to boost your marks. These solutions guide you through each step clearly so you can avoid common mistakes during exams.

For subjects like Science, you can also refer to the NCERT Science syllabus for Class 10 along with the NCERT syllabus for Class 10 Science PDF to stay organised and track your progress. Once you know the topics, solving NCERT questions with the help of solutions will help you build strong revision habits.

You can easily find NCERT Solutions for Class 10 online on trusted educational websites, CBSE resource platforms, and even as free PDF downloads for each subject. Make sure you cross-check the solutions and practise them regularly to stay ahead in your preparation.

How to download the NCERT Syllabus for Class 10 2025-26?

Looking for the latest NCERT Class 10 syllabus for the 2025-26 academic session? Downloading it is quick and simple! The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) updates the syllabus regularly to match CBSE guidelines and ensure students are well-prepared for their board exams.

Here’s how you can download the NCERT syllabus for Class 10 for all subjects:

  • Visit the Official NCERT Website: Go to ncert. nic. in — this is the most reliable source for the updated syllabus.
  • Go to the ‘Syllabus’ Section: On the homepage, click on the ‘Publications’ or ‘Syllabus’ tab. You will find a list of classes — select Class 10.
  • Choose Your Subject: You can download the complete NCERT Class 10 syllabus or subject-wise syllabus, like the NCERT Class 10th Maths syllabus or the NCERT Science syllabus for Class 10.
  • Download the PDF: Once you select the subject, you can download the NCERT syllabus for Class 10 Science PDF, Maths, Social Science, English, Hindi, and more for the 2025-26 session.

How Important is the NCERT for Class 10, 2025?

When it comes to preparing for board exams, nothing is more important than understanding the NCERT Class 10 syllabus. NCERT textbooks are designed to match the CBSE exam pattern and are written in a way that builds strong concepts, clear understanding, and better problem-solving skills.

  • The NCERT Class 10 syllabus is directly linked to the CBSE board exam pattern, making it the most reliable source for preparation.
  • NCERT textbooks explain every topic in simple language, helping students build a strong understanding of basic and advanced concepts.
  • Whether you’re studying the NCERT Class 10th Maths syllabus or the NCERT Science syllabus for Class 10, most board exam questions are picked from NCERT textbooks or follow a similar style.
  • Referring to the NCERT syllabus for Class 10 Science PDF helps you stay updated and focused on the exact topics you need to prepare for the board exams.
  • NCERT books reduce the need for too many reference guides. If you understand the chapters, solve all NCERT questions and revise regularly, you are fully prepared for the exam.
  • NCERT is the foundation not just for Class 10 board exams but also for competitive entrance tests like NTSE, Olympiads, and even future exams like NEET and JEE.

What is the Difference Between the CBSE and NCERT Syllabus?

While both the CBSE Class 10 syllabus and the NCERT syllabus are crucial for Class 10, many students often get confused about the differences between them. Here's a clear breakdown to help you understand:

What is CBSE?

The CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) syllabus is a broad syllabus followed by schools across India that are affiliated with CBSE. It is designed by the board to ensure students receive a uniform education, regardless of their location.

What is NCERT?

The NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training) syllabus refers to the textbooks and materials published by NCERT, which provide a detailed understanding of various subjects. NCERT books are based on the CBSE Class 10 Syllabus and are designed to help students build a strong foundation for their exams.

Important Differences:

  • Syllabus vs. Textbooks:

The CBSE syllabus refers to the entire syllabus, including the subjects and topics to be taught in schools, whereas NCERT provides the textbooks and solutions that align with the CBSE syllabus.

  • Approach to Learning:

CBSE follows a more exam-oriented approach, while NCERT focuses on a conceptual understanding of the subjects. NCERT books are designed to promote critical thinking and in-depth understanding, while CBSE ensures these concepts are taught in schools.

  • Content Depth:

The CBSE syllabus outlines the subjects and topics, but NCERT books dive deeper into the concepts with clear explanations and exercises. NCERT books provide the material that helps students fully understand and apply the concepts listed in the CBSE syllabus.

  • Application:

NCERT books are used in schools and serve as the main reference for CBSE exams. Therefore, while CBSE sets the exam pattern, NCERT provides the study material needed to excel in these exams.

While the CBSE syllabus helps you understand the structure and flow of the academic year, NCERT books offer the depth and clarity required for mastering the topics. Together, they ensure a complete and effective learning experience for Class 10 students.

Understanding the difference between the CBSE syllabus and NCERT syllabus will help you streamline your studies. Focus on NCERT textbooks for conceptual clarity and use the CBSE syllabus to stay organised for your exams.

How does the NCERT Select the Syllabus to Teach?

The NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training) plays a key role in shaping the syllabus for schools across India, including those following the CBSE syllabus. The process of selecting the syllabus is well thought out and focuses on the overall development of students. Here’s how it works:

Research and Analysis

The NCERT starts by researching the needs of students at different educational levels. This involves gathering feedback from teachers, educational experts, and other stakeholders. The aim is to identify what students need to learn for both their immediate academic success and their long-term personal growth.

Balanced Approach

The syllabus is designed to strike a balance between theoretical knowledge and practical application. The goal is to help students develop critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and a deep understanding of the subject matter. The NCERT syllabus encourages students to not just memorise facts but also learn to apply knowledge in real-world situations.

Incorporating National Education Goals

The NCERT syllabus aligns with the national goals of education. It reflects the values of India’s education system, including promoting equality, fostering creativity, and supporting lifelong learning. The syllabus is also designed to promote social awareness, environmental consciousness, and respect for cultural diversity.

Focus on Core Subjects

The syllabus focuses on core subjects like Mathematics, Science, Social Science, and languages, ensuring students receive a well-rounded education. For instance, the NCERT Class 10th Maths syllabus covers essential topics to build a strong foundation for higher studies, while the NCERT Science syllabus for Class 10 includes key concepts that align with future career options.

Continuous Updates

The NCERT regularly updates the syllabus to stay in line with the latest developments in education and science. Changes in technology, new research findings, and the evolving needs of society are all considered when revising the syllabus.

Inclusive and Adaptive

The syllabus is created to be inclusive and adaptive, ensuring that it meets the diverse needs of students. It includes resources that cater to different learning styles, helping all students grasp the concepts effectively.

The NCERT syllabus is carefully crafted to provide students with a comprehensive, engaging, and relevant education. By focusing on conceptual understanding and practical knowledge, NCERT aims to prepare students for both their exams and their future careers.

What should I choose, NCERT or any refresher for class 10?

When preparing for Class 10 board exams, students often face the dilemma of whether to stick with the Class 10 NCERT textbooks or refer to additional refresher books. Both options have their merits, so let’s break it down to help you make the best choice.

Why Choose NCERT?

The NCERT textbooks are the most reliable source for your exam preparation. Here’s why:

  • Aligned with the CBSE Syllabus: NCERT books follow the CBSE Class 10 Syllabus for Class 10, ensuring that you cover all the necessary topics and concepts required for your board exams.
  • Comprehensive and Clear: The language used in NCERT textbooks is simple and clear, making it easier to understand complex concepts. They also include examples and exercises that help reinforce your learning.
  • Most Questions Come from NCERT: A significant number of questions in the Class 10 board exams are taken directly from NCERT textbooks or are based on similar concepts. If you master the NCERT books, you’ll be well-prepared for the exams.
  • Conceptual Clarity: NCERT focuses on building a strong foundation by focusing on conceptual understanding. This is crucial not just for exams but also for future academic growth.

Why Consider a Refresher Book?

While NCERT books are essential, refresher books can be helpful in some cases, especially if you want to:

  • Get Extra Practice: Refresher books often provide additional problems, sample papers, and mock tests. If you’ve completed your NCERT textbook and want more practice, these books can help.
  • Get a Different Perspective: Sometimes, a different approach or explanation can make certain concepts clearer. Refresher books offer alternative methods and explanations, which might help reinforce your understanding.
  • Prepare for Competitive Exams: If you’re preparing for competitive exams like JEE, NEET, or Olympiads, a refresher book can provide extra material and practice questions beyond what NCERT offers.

What’s the Best Approach?

  • Start with NCERT: Begin by studying the NCERT Class 10 syllabus thoroughly. Complete all the exercises, read the explanations carefully, and make sure you understand every concept.
  • Use Refresher Books Sparingly: Once you’re comfortable with the NCERT material, you can refer to refresher books for extra practice, especially in areas where you feel less confident.

For board exams, the NCERT Class 10 textbooks should be your primary resource. They cover everything you need for the board exams. If you’re looking for more practice or a different explanation, consider using refresher books in addition to your NCERT textbooks. But remember, mastering NCERT is the key to scoring well.

FAQs

1. Are NCERT books enough for CBSE Class 10 board exams?

Yes, NCERT books are enough for CBSE Class 10 board exams. They cover all the topics prescribed by the CBSE Class 10 Syllabus and provide clear explanations. However, to secure high marks, students can also refer to sample papers and previous years' question papers for extra practice.

2. Why does CBSE recommend NCERT books for exam preparation?

CBSE recommends NCERT books because they are designed according to the CBSE Syllabus. They focus on conceptual understanding and provide a solid foundation for students. The books are also aligned with the exam pattern, helping students prepare in a structured and efficient way.

3. Do CBSE board papers follow NCERT patterns?

Yes, CBSE board papers are based on the NCERT syllabus and exam pattern. The questions asked in the board exams are mostly from NCERT Class 10 textbooks, so studying them thoroughly will help students perform well in the exams.

NCERT Exemplar for Class 10

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10

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