(a) Neural coordination
Ans. Neural coordination is how the nervous system controls and regulates body activities. Neurons communicate via electrical impulses and chemical signals (neurotransmitters) to coordinate actions like movement, reflexes, and responses to the environment.

Key Points:

• Fast response system of the body.
• Works along with the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis.
• Helps in reflex actions like withdrawing your hand from a hot surface.

(b) Forebrain
Ans. The forebrain is the largest part of the brain. It includes:

• Cerebrum: Responsible for thinking, memory, learning, and voluntary actions.
• Thalamus: Relay center for all sensory information (except smell).
• Hypothalamus: Controls hormones, temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep.

(c) Midbrain
Ans. The midbrain is a small central part of the brain that connects the forebrain and hindbrain.

• Controls eye movement, visual and auditory reflexes.
• Acts as a pathway for motor and sensory signals.

(d) Hindbrain
Ans. Hindbrain includes cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata.

• Cerebellum: Maintains posture, balance, and coordination of voluntary movements.
• Pons: Connects cerebellum with cerebrum; regulates breathing.
• Medulla oblongata: Controls involuntary actions like heartbeat, breathing, and swallowing.

(e) Synapse
Ans. A synapse is the junction between two neurons.

• Electrical impulse reaches the axon terminal - neurotransmitters are released - signal is transmitted to the next neuron.
• Ensures one-way conduction of impulses.