(a) 1. Innate immunity: Present from birth, non-specific (e.g., skin barrier, phagocytes).
       2. Acquired immunity – Develops after exposure to pathogens, specific (e.g., after vaccination).

(b) 1. Active immunity: Body produces antibodies after infection or vaccination (e.g., polio vaccine).
       2. Passive immunity: Ready-made antibodies are given (e.g., mother’s antibodies to baby through milk, or anti-venom injection).

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