Class 12 Chemistry Ch 13 Amines Notes PDF + Full Chapter

So, Chemistry’s back - and it’s diving into amines, a chapter that feels tricky at first but is actually super scoring once you crack the basics. Whether it’s IUPAC naming, reactions, or preparation methods - we’ve got you covered.

These amines class 12 notes include everything you need: NCERT definitions, flowcharts, short tricks, and exam-based reactions that’ll save you during those night-before-the-exam panic scrolls. These class 12 chemistry amines notes are short, sharp, and sorted.

Amines Class 12 Notes PDF Download 

Too many reactions, not enough time? Don’t worry - this amines class 12 notes PDF download is your scroll-and-revise lifesaver. Whether it’s types, naming, or last-minute prep, this PDF has it all - clean, compact, and exam-ready.

You can use it on your phone, laptop, or even print it out, whatever helps you revise faster. these notes of amines class 12 PDF are perfect when you’re in panic mode but still want full marks.

What Are Amines? – Class 12 Chemistry Amines Notes Start Here

Amines are just nitrogen compounds that look like ammonia with a small twist – one, two, or all three hydrogen atoms are replaced by carbon chains. That tiny structural change makes them super important in real life. They're found in medicines, dyes, amino acids, and even the stuff that runs your brain. 

So no, they’re not just another random organic group in your syllabus. And yeah, this is exactly why your class 12 chemistry amines notes start with this topic - because once you understand what amines really are, everything else in the chapter falls into place.

Types of Amines – Explained Inside Amines Notes Class 12

Amines may sound like just another classification topic in organic chemistry, but once you understand how they’re divided - it becomes very clear and logical. Their type depends on how many carbon groups are attached to nitrogen and whether those groups are chains or rings. Let’s break this down simply, with examples.

1. Classification Based on Number of Alkyl or Aryl Groups Attached to Nitrogen

Depending on how many carbon groups are bonded to the nitrogen atom, amines are divided into three types:

• Primary amines (1°): The nitrogen atom is attached to one alkyl or aryl group and two hydrogen atoms.
  Example: CH₃NH₂ (methylamine)
  
  
• Secondary amines (2°): The nitrogen is bonded to two carbon groups and one hydrogen atom.
  Example: (CH₃)₂NH (dimethylamine)
  
  
• Tertiary amines (3°): The nitrogen is attached to three carbon groups and no hydrogen atom.
  Example: (CH₃)₃N (trimethylamine)
  
  

2. Classification Based on the Nature of Carbon Group

This classification tells us whether the carbon group bonded to nitrogen is part of a straight chain or a ring.

• Aliphatic amines: The nitrogen is bonded to an open-chain (non-aromatic) alkyl group.
  Example: CH₃CH₂NH₂ (ethylamine)
  
  
• Aromatic amines: The nitrogen is directly bonded to an aromatic ring (usually benzene).
  Example: C₆H₅NH₂ (aniline)

This classification is the base of the whole chapter. Once you understand the types of amines, everything from naming to reactions will start making sense. That’s why your amines notes class 12 always begin with this.

IUPAC Naming of Amines – Neatly Covered in Notes of Amines Class 12 PDF

Naming amines can feel tricky at first, but once you follow the basic IUPAC rules, it becomes simple and systematic. The name depends on the type of amine and the length of the carbon chain attached to the nitrogen. Let’s break it down clearly.

1. Naming of Primary Amines (1° Amines)

In primary amines, the nitrogen atom is attached to only one alkyl or aryl group. The name is derived by replacing the final “-e” in the parent alkane with “-amine.”

General structure: R–NH₂
Naming rule: Alkane name → remove -e → add -amine

Examples:

• CH₃NH₂ → Methanamine
• CH₃CH₂NH₂ → Ethanamine
• CH₃CH₂CH₂NH₂ → Propanamine

2. Naming of Secondary and Tertiary Amines (2° and 3° Amines)

When two or three alkyl groups are attached to the nitrogen atom, the smaller alkyl groups are treated as substituents, and the “N-” prefix is used to show their position on nitrogen.

Secondary amine (2°):

• (CH₃)₂NH → N-Methylmethanamine

Tertiary amine (3°):

• (CH₃)₃N → N,N-Dimethylmethanamine

In symmetrical amines (same groups), common names are also accepted, but IUPAC prefers systematic naming.

3. Aromatic Amines

In aromatic amines, the nitrogen is attached directly to an aromatic ring. These compounds are usually named as derivatives of aniline (C₆H₅NH₂), where substituents on the ring are indicated using standard nomenclature.

Examples:

• C₆H₅NH₂ → Aniline
• CH₃C₆H₄NH₂ → Methyl aniline or Toluidine

Key Points to Remember

• Use N- to indicate substituents directly attached to nitrogen.
• Always identify the longest carbon chain for naming.
• In exams, both common names and IUPAC names may be accepted, but IUPAC is preferred.

IUPAC naming is essential for recognizing structures, writing chemical reactions, and solving organic questions accurately. That’s why this part is emphasized in every standard textbook and your class 12 amines notes PDF - it builds your base for organic chemistry.

Preparation of Amines – Quick Methods from Amines Class 12 Notes PDF

The preparation of amines is an important part of Class 12 organic chemistry. Different methods are used to obtain primary, secondary, and tertiary amines depending on the starting material and reagents used. Let’s go through the major methods systematically.

1. Reduction of Nitro Compounds – The Most Common Way

• Used mainly to prepare aromatic primary amines
• Reagents: H₂/Ni, Sn/HCl, Fe/HCl
• Example: Nitrobenzene (C₆H₅NO₂) → Aniline (C₆H₅NH₂)

2. Ammonolysis of Alkyl Halides – Makes All Kinds of Amines

• Alkyl halides react with ammonia
• Produces a mixture of primary, secondary, tertiary amines, and quaternary ammonium salts
• Example: CH₃Cl + NH₃ → CH₃NH₂ + (others in series)

3. Reduction of Nitriles – Adds a Carbon, Ends with an Amine

• Converts a nitrile (–CN) group to a primary amine
• Reagents: H₂/Ni or LiAlH₄
• Example: CH₃CN → CH₃CH₂NH₂

4. Reduction of Amides – Clean, Straight Conversion

• Amides are reduced to primary amines
• Reagent: LiAlH₄
• Example: CH₃CONH₂ → CH₃CH₂NH₂

5. Hoffmann Bromamide Reaction – One Carbon Less

• Converts amides to primary amines with one less carbon atom
• Reagents: Br₂ and NaOH
• Example: CH₃CONH₂ → CH₃NH₂

Each method is predictable and scoring - and that’s why they’re explained clearly in your class 12 chemistry amines notes PDF and often highlighted in CBSE marking schemes too.

Reactions of Amines – Included in Amines Notes Class 12 PDF Download 

Amines are super reactive due to the lone pair on nitrogen, and they behave both as nucleophiles and bases. This section in your amines notes class 12 PDF download covers all the important reactions that NCERT focuses on.

1. Basic Nature of Amines

• Amines act as bases due to the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen.
• They accept protons (H⁺) and form ammonium ions.
• More alkyl groups = stronger base (for aliphatic amines)
• Example: CH₃NH₂ + HCl → CH₃NH₃⁺Cl⁻

2. Acylation Reaction

• Amines react with acid chlorides or acid anhydrides to form amides.
• Requires a base like pyridine to neutralize HCl.
• Example: CH₃NH₂ + CH₃COCl → CH₃NHCOCH₃ + HCl

3. Alkylation Reaction

• Amines react with alkyl halides to form substituted amines.
• Multiple alkylation can happen, leading to a mixture.
• Example: CH₃NH₂ + CH₃Br → CH₃NHCH₃ → (further reactions possible)

4. Reaction with Nitrous Acid (HNO₂) – Diazotization & Azo Dye Formation

• Primary aliphatic amines react with nitrous acid to form alcohol, nitrogen gas, and water.
• Example: CH₃NH₂ + HNO₂ → CH₃OH + N₂ + H₂O
• Primary aromatic amines, like aniline, react with nitrous acid at low temperatures (0–5°C) to form diazonium salts – a process called diazotization.
• Example: C₆H₅NH₂ + HNO₂ + HCl → C₆H₅N₂⁺Cl⁻ + 2H₂O

Diazonium salts are super reactive and form azo dyes when combined with phenols or aromatic amines - those bright-colored compounds used in textile dyes.

5. Carbylamine Reaction (Test for 1° Amines)

• Primary amines react with chloroform + alcoholic KOH to form foul-smelling isocyanides.
• This is a confirmatory test for aliphatic and aromatic 1° amines.
• Example: CH₃NH₂ + CHCl₃ + 3KOH → CH₃NC + 3KCl + 3H₂O

6. Electrophilic Substitution in Aromatic Amines

• Due to the activating –NH₂ group, reactions occur mostly at the ortho and para positions.
• Examples include nitration, halogenation, and sulphonation.
• Too harsh conditions can lead to unwanted side-products.
• Example: C₆H₅NH₂ + Br₂ → 2,4,6-tribromoaniline

Physical & Chemical Properties – Clean Concepts from Class 12 Amines Notes

Once you’ve got their structure and reactions, it’s time to know what amines look like, smell like, dissolve in, and how they behave in real-world conditions. This part of your class 12 amines notes covers all the key physical and chemical properties - the stuff CBSE likes to ask in short-answer and reasoning-based questions.

Physical State & Odour

• Lower aliphatic amines (like methylamine, ethylamine) are gases at room temperature.
• Larger amines (liquid or solid) often have a fishy or unpleasant odour.

Boiling Points

• Boiling points of amines depend on hydrogen bonding.
• Primary and secondary amines show intermolecular H-bonding, so their b.p. is higher than alkanes but lower than alcohols.
• Tertiary amines don’t show H-bonding → lower boiling point.

Solubility in Water

• Lower amines are soluble in water due to H-bonding with water molecules.
• Solubility decreases with increase in molecular weight.
• Tertiary amines are less soluble than 1° and 2° amines.

Basic Nature

• Amines act as Lewis bases (they donate a lone pair of electrons).
• Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia due to the +I effect of alkyl groups.
• Aromatic amines are weaker bases than ammonia due to delocalization of lone pairs on nitrogen.

Uses of Amines – Also Covered in Your Amines Notes PDF

Amines aren’t just a topic in organic chemistry - they actually show up in real life everywhere, from medicines to dyes. This part of your amines notes PDF covers the most important and practical uses of amines that CBSE expects you to know.

1. Medicinal Uses

• Many drugs like antihistamines, anaesthetics, and antidepressants are made using amine groups.
• Examples: Chlorpheniramine, Diphenhydramine

2. Dyes and Synthetic Materials

• Aromatic amines like aniline are used in manufacturing azo dyes, rubber chemicals, and nylon.
• Important in textile and polymer industries.

3. Agrochemicals

• Amines are used to make insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides.
• Example: 2,4-D (a common weed killer)

4. Solvents and Intermediates

• Low molecular weight amines are used as solvents.
• They’re also starting materials for plastic, rubber, and pharmaceuticals.

Conclusion

And that’s a wrap on Amines Class 12 Notes - from naming and preparation to properties and uses, it’s all here. No more flipping between guides or trying to decode NCERT lines at midnight.

With this PDF-style breakdown, you’ve now got all the chemistry you need - simplified, sorted, and 100% board-friendly.

FAQs 

Q1. What are the key named reactions of amines in Class 12?
Ans. Hoffmann bromamide, Gabriel synthesis, carbylamine test, and azo coupling - all are covered in your amines class 12 notes PDF and show up often in CBSE exams.

Q2. How can you identify 1°, 2°, and 3° amines in the lab?
Ans. Use Hinsberg’s test — it’s clearly explained in most class 12 amines notes. Primary amines give soluble products, secondary give insoluble ones, and tertiary amines don’t react.

Q3. Why doesn’t aniline take part in Friedel–Crafts reaction?
Ans. Because the –NH₂ group binds with the catalyst and blocks the ring. This concept is often asked in amines notes class 12 reasoning questions.

Q4. What’s the basic strength order of amines in water?
Ans. In general: Secondary > Primary > Tertiary > Ammonia - this trend is part of all standard amines notes PDF summaries.

Q5. How do you convert nitriles to primary amines?
Ans. Reduce them using H₂/Ni or LiAlH₄ - this reaction is listed in your notes of amines class 12 PDF under preparation methods.