Class 12 BST Chapter 5 Organization

So you’ve reached the chapter on international organisations, and suddenly it feels like you’re about to get into a world full of complicated peace talks, global summits, and names you’ve never heard of. Sounds intense? It’s actually not - once you break it down, it’s just about how countries try to fix big world issues together.

These international organisations class 12 notes will help you get the whole picture - what these organisations do, why they matter, and how India fits into it all. Short, simple, and straight to the point.

Organising class 12 notes PDF

Reading the full chapter every time can get tiring - so we’ve made a quick and clear organising class 12 notes pdf just for you. It covers all the important stuff: meaning, process, importance, and key terms - exactly what you need for last-minute prep.

No filler, no extra stress. Just scroll down, download, and revise. Whether it’s for a class test or boards, this PDF will save you time and keep things sorted - literally.

What Are International Organisations?

An international organisation is basically a group of countries that come together to work on shared goals - like peace, trade, development, or health. Instead of handling global issues alone, nations collaborate through these platforms.

In your international organisations class 12 notes, this idea forms the base of the chapter. These organisations help solve conflicts, support weaker nations, and make sure the world doesn’t spiral into chaos.

Types of international organisations class 12 notes You Must Know

All international organisations don’t work the same way - they’re divided based on who controls them and what they do. And trust me, this bit is super scoring if you get the basics right. According to your types of international organisations class 12 notes, they’re mainly of two kinds:

1. Intergovernmental Organisations (IGOs)

These are created by agreements between countries. The members are governments, and they work together on things like peace, health, trade, etc. The United Nations (UN), World Trade Organization (WTO), and International Monetary Fund (IMF) are classic examples.

2. International Non-Governmental Organisations (INGOs) 

These are not run by governments. Instead, they’re independent bodies - often humanitarian, environmental, or rights-based. Groups like the Red Cross, Greenpeace, and Amnesty International fall into this category.

What Is the United Nations and Why Is It So Important?

The United Nations is basically the world’s group chat - but for serious stuff like peace, health, and human rights. It was formed in 1945, right after World War II, to stop future wars and help countries work together.

In your international organisations class 12 notes, the UN is one of the most crucial topics — because it's not just a name, it's a system that runs the world behind the scenes. Here’s why the UN is so important:

1. Maintaining International Peace and Security

The UN Security Council plays a central role here. It can take serious actions like sending peacekeepers, enforcing sanctions, or even approving military interventions when peace is at risk.

2. Solving Global Problems Together

The UN works on poverty, hunger, education, and disaster response through different specialised agencies like:

• WHO – health emergencies and pandemics
• UNICEF – child rights and welfare
• UNESCO – education, culture, and science

3. Promoting Human Rights and Equality

Through the UN Human Rights Council and various charters, it stands up for freedom, equality, and justice - especially in places where these rights are violated.

4. Providing a Legal Platform

The International Court of Justice (ICJ), based in The Hague, settles disputes between countries according to international law - without violence or war.

5. A Voice for Every Nation

Big or small, every country gets a vote in the General Assembly, making it a truly democratic space for global discussion and decision-making

India’s Role in international organisations class 12 notes – Not Just a Side Player

When it comes to international organisations, India isn’t just chilling in the background - it’s actually playing a pretty major role. In your international organisations class 12 notes, this part helps you understand how India shows up on the global stage, not just as a participant but often as a leader or key voice.

1. Founding Member of the UN

India was one of the first countries to sign the UN Charter in 1945. From day one, we’ve been part of global peacekeeping and policy-making.

2. Top Contributor to UN Peacekeeping

India has sent thousands of troops to peacekeeping missions in countries like Congo, Sudan, and Lebanon. It’s one of the biggest contributors in terms of soldiers and support.

3. Champion for the Global South

India speaks up for developing nations in international forums, making sure their voices are heard - especially on issues like climate change, trade rules, and fair access to vaccines.

4. Support for Reforms in the UN

India has been pushing for UN Security Council reforms, especially to get a permanent seat. Given our population, economy, and global influence, it’s a fair ask.

5. Active in Other International Bodies

India is also part of:

• G20 – A group of major economies
• BRICS – With Brazil, Russia, China, and South Africa
• WTO, IMF, WHO – Actively participates and contributes to global policies

Why Is the UN Facing Criticism and Reforms?

So yeah, the United Nations does a lot of good stuff - but it’s not perfect. In fact, if you check your international organisations class 12 notes, you’ll see this part pop up right after the good things. A lot of countries (especially India) think the UN needs a serious glow-up. Here’s why:

1. The UN Security Council is outdated

It still has the same 5 permanent members (USA, UK, France, Russia, China) since 1945. Countries like India, Japan, and Brazil are still waiting for a seat - even though the global power balance has changed massively since then.

2. Veto power causes unfair decisions

Any one of these 5 countries can use their veto to block action - even if the entire UN agrees. This power often delays decisions, creates bias, and weakens the UN’s ability to act quickly during serious issues.

3. It’s slow in crisis situations

Whether it’s war, climate disasters, or pandemics, the UN sometimes responds late. The long decision-making process and political conflicts between countries stop urgent action from happening in time.

4. Developing nations feel sidelined

Countries from Asia, Africa, and Latin America want more say in global matters. They contribute soldiers, aid, and resources - but don’t get equal power in decision-making. That feels unfair to many.

5. Rising demand for reform

India and other countries have openly pushed for UN reforms - especially changes in the Security Council. They want a modern, fair, and more democratic UN that reflects today’s world, not just the post–World War II era.

Which Other Organisations Should You Know for the Exam? 

Apart from the UN, there are some other major organisations you need to remember for your international organisations class 12 notes. These show up in case-based questions and one-markers - so it’s worth knowing what each one actually does.:

1. World Trade Organization (WTO)

This is the place where countries argue and agree about how to do global business. If any country feels it's being treated unfairly in trade -  WTO steps in. For India, it’s super important to protect local farmers and industries.

2. International Monetary Fund (IMF)

When a country’s economy is drowning (like, low funds or high debt), the IMF comes in to help with loans and advice. India turned to it during the 1991 crisis. Basically, it’s like the financial doctor of the world.

3. World Bank

If a country wants to build roads, schools, or electricity plants but doesn’t have money, it often asks the World Bank. India gets funding from them for development projects - it's all about fighting poverty and building progress.

4. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

This one keeps an eye on how countries use nuclear energy. Peaceful purposes? Cool. Planning something shady? Not cool. India works with IAEA especially after the 2008 nuclear agreement with the US.

5. Amnesty International

This is the loud voice for human rights across the world. If someone’s being tortured, unfairly jailed, or silenced - Amnesty will call it out. India’s policies have been highlighted here too (both good and bad).

6. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)

This is the reason why places like the Taj Mahal are protected as World Heritage Sites. UNESCO helps preserve culture, promotes education, and protects science globally. India’s got a long list of sites on their list.

Conclusion 

And that’s a wrap on your international organisations class 12 notes – all sorted, simplified, and ready for boards. From the UN’s peace missions to India’s global role, you now know who’s who and why it matters.

This chapter isn’t about mugging up facts. It’s about understanding how the world works behind the scenes. So take a deep breath, revise this once, and trust yourself – you’re way closer to full marks than you think.

FAQs 

Q1. What are international organisations?
Ans. They are institutions formed by countries to promote peace, cooperation, and development across borders.

Q2. What's the role of the United Nations in world peace?
Ans. The UN prevents conflicts, sends peacekeeping forces, and helps resolve international disputes peacefully.

Q3. How is WTO different from IMF?
Ans. WTO handles trade rules between countries, while the IMF gives financial help and stabilizes economies.

Q4. Why is India important in international organisations?
Ans. India contributes to peacekeeping, supports development goals, and pushes for reforms like a permanent UNSC seat.

Q5. What are the types of international organisations in Class 12?
Ans. Mainly Intergovernmental Organisations (IGOs) like UN and WTO, and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) like Amnesty.