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Class 10 Chapter 12 Electricity as the name suggests, covers everything about electricity in detail. The constitution of electricity, the flow of electricity in the circuit, how electricity can be regulated, and much more. The chapter also includes Ohm’s law, resistors, and heating effects of electric circuits. The questions constitute 7 marks in the CBSE Class 10 exams. The inclusion of CBSE Electricity Chapter 12 is to help students create a strong foundation especially when students want to pursue the field of science and technology.
Electricity is an important aspect of our daily lives. It provides electricity to our homes, schools, places of work, and industries. Understanding the concept of electricity helps us to learn about the various devices that we come across in our daily lives. In Class 10 Electricity Notes, we will explore both theoretical use and practical usage of electricity. This article will give a complete overview of electricity, its basic principles, laws, and applications, especially highlighting the major topics for Class 10 students. The understanding of concepts and topics included in the NCERT Chapter 12 can be done with the help of study materials like notes on electricity class 10 CBSE, question bank, mind maps, and support materials. Preparing the right study material can help in scoring good marks in the final examination.
Below we have provided the links to downloadable PDFs of class 10 ch 12 science notes and get an in-depth explanation and understanding of the chapter.
Below, we have provided the links to downloadable PDFs of DoE Worksheets for Electricity Class 10 to practice more questions.
Below, we have provided the links to downloadable PDFs of Experiential Learning Activity for ch 12 class 10 Science to help students implement their acquired knowledge in the real world.
Below, we have provided Class 10 Science Important Questions that cover all the important questions in Electricity.
Below, we have provided Class 10 Science Mind maps that include mind maps of the related concepts in Electricity.
Below, we have provided Class 10 Science Question Banks that cover every typology question with detailed explanations from various resources in one place
Below, we have provided Class 10 Science Support Materials that cover Case Study-based questions from the various concepts explained in Science NCERT chapters.
Electricity is a flow of electric charge and is also a form of energy, which can easily be converted to other forms of energy. Electricity can produce light, heat, or do mechanical work. On the microscopic level, electricity refers to the movement of electrons, tiny particles carrying a negative charge, in a conductor. As long as electrons move in a certain direction, they will have an electric current.
There are two types of electricity.
To understand electricity, students need to know several important concepts:
Electric current is the flow of electric charges through a conductor. It is measured in amperes (A). Although conventional current flows from positive to negative, the actual flow of electrons flows in the opposite direction. The SI unit for electric current is ampere (A).
Formula for Electric Current:
I = Q / t
Where:
Voltage, also known as potential difference, is the difference in electric potential energy per unit charge between two points in an electric circuit. In short, it is actually the force responsible for the motion of the electrons through a conductor. Voltage is measured in volts, denoted by V.
Formula for Voltage:
V = W / Q
Where:
Resistance is the opposition that the electric current offers while passing through a conductor. This is dependent on the material, length, and cross-sectional area of the conductor. Resistance is measured in ohms (Ω).
Resistance Formula
R = ρ. L / A
Where:
Ohm's law is one of the basic principles that links voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) with a simple formula. That is, the current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference offered to it and inversely proportional to the resistance of that conductor.
Ohm's Law Formula:
V = I. R
Where,
The other two values can be computed if any of the three, voltage, current, or resistance, is known, using Ohm's law.
There are several reasons why a conductor is resistant. Some of these include:
Material: Different materials have different resistivities. Conductors such as copper and aluminium have low resistance, while insulators such as rubber and wood have high resistance.
Length of the conductor: The resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its length. The longer the conductor is in terms of length, the higher its resistance will be.
Cross-sectional area: The cross-sectional area of the conductor is inversely proportional to its resistance. The wider the cross-sectional area, the less resistance it will carry.
Temperature: Usually in materials, the resistance increases with temperature. Conversely, in some materials such as semiconductors, resistance decreases with temperature.
Resistors can be connected in two arrangements: series and parallel.
If resistors are connected in a straight line along a single path, then they are said to be connected in series. In this connection, the sum of the individual resistances is equal to the total resistance Rt.
Resistors in Series Formula:
Rt = R1 + R2 + R3 + …
Where R1, R2, R3, … denote the individual resistances of the resistors.
Resistors connected in parallel allow the current to have more than one path. The total resistance is less than that of any single resistor.
Formula for Resistors in Parallel:
1 / Rt = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 + 1 / R3 + …….
Where R1, R2, R3,…… represent the individual resistances.
Power is defined as the rate at which an electrical device changes electrical energy into other forms, such as heat, light, or mechanical energy. Power is measured in watts (W).
Power Formula
P = V. I
Here,
An alternative method to calculate the expression of power is through resistance. This is by using the Ohm's law:
P = I2. R = V2 / R
A circuit diagram is a visual representation of an electrical circuit. It uses symbols to represent various parts of the circuit, including resistors, batteries, switches, and light bulbs. Key Components in a Circuit Diagram
Types of Circuits
Electricity plays an important role in our day-to-day lives; hence, understanding its basic concepts is important for students. This enables Class 10 students to master the practical applications of concepts such as electric current, voltage, resistance, Ohm's law, and power. In doing so, the students can find solutions to everyday problems, along with gaining insights into the various electrical appliances around them. Furthermore, these fundamentals lay a path for higher physics and engineering education.
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