According to Census 2011, 1.21 billion people are unevenly distributed over our country's vast area of 3.28 million square km. The causes of the uneven distribution of population in India are:

(i) Relief: Mountains, plateaus and deserts are not densely populated due to the rough terrain and nature of the soil.

(ii) Plains are densely populated due to the fertility of the soil and flat plains.

(iii) The regions which have extreme climates are less populated whereas those which has favourable climates are densely populated. The regions of high rainfalls have very high populations.