Birds are perfectly adapted for flight, and their bodies show many modifications.

Flight Adaptations

• Lightweight body – Hollow bones reduce weight.
• Feathers – Provide surface for lift and balance.
• Forelimbs as wings – Specialized for flying instead of walking.
• Powerful flight muscles – Especially pectoral muscles for wing movement.
• Air sacs – Store extra oxygen and reduce body weight.
• Streamlined body – Reduces air resistance.‍
• No urinary bladder – Less body weight to carry.