NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science

Class 10 Science is one of the most important stages in CBSE because the subject starts connecting scientific concepts with real-life application and board-level answer writing. The syllabus includes theory, numericals, diagrams, activities, and reasoning-based questions that require both understanding and regular practice. 

These NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science cover all chapters of the latest CBSE syllabus with step-by-step answers prepared according to board exam patterns, helping students write accurate, well-structured, and scoring answers.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science - Chapter-wise PDF

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Download Complete NCERT Science Solutions Class 10 PDF

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Class 10 Science - Unit-wise Weightage

The table below provides the unit-wise bifurcation of chapters alongside allocated marks for Class 10 Science NCERT. 

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NOTE: Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour and World of Living together account for 50 marks, making them the most important sections of the paper. Most students lose marks here due to incomplete reactions, missing diagrams, or poorly structured theory answers.

What’s Covered in NCERT Class 10 Science Solutions

Class 10 Science NCERT Solutions include all NCERT in-text questions, exercises, diagrams, activities, and exemplar-style explanations. Here's a chapter-wise breakdown of what students should focus on:

1. Chemical Reactions and Equations: Types of chemical reactions, balancing equations, oxidation and reduction, corrosion, rancidity. Balancing equations is one of the most repeated question types in exams. Practise writing state symbols and conditions correctly.

2. Acids, Bases and Salts: Properties of acids and bases, pH scale, indicators, neutralisation, salts, bleaching powder, baking soda, washing soda, plaster of Paris. Questions often test practical applications and reactions rather than definitions alone.

3. Metals and Non-metals: Physical and chemical properties, reactivity series, ionic compounds, metallurgy, corrosion prevention. Reactivity series-based reasoning questions appear frequently. Learn displacement reactions thoroughly.

4. Carbon and its Compounds: Covalent bonding, hydrocarbons, homologous series, nomenclature, ethanol, ethanoic acid, soaps and detergents. Students commonly lose marks in structural formulae and naming organic compounds. Practise drawing structures neatly.

5. Life Processes: Nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion in plants and animals. Diagram-based questions from the digestive system, heart, nephron, and stomata are extremely common.

6. Control and Coordination: Human nervous system, reflex action, hormones, plant tropism. Difference-based questions between nervous control and hormonal control appear regularly.

7. How do Organisms Reproduce: Modes of reproduction, sexual and asexual reproduction, reproductive health. Diagrams of reproductive organs and reproduction methods are important for long-answer questions.

8. Heredity: Mendel's experiments, inherited traits, genes, chromosomes, sex determination.
Punnett square-based genetics questions are frequently asked in exams.

9. Light - Reflection and Refraction: Reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction through lenses, mirror formula, lens formula, magnification. This is one of the most numerical-heavy Physics chapters. Ray diagrams and sign convention are extremely important.

10. The Human Eye and the Colourful World

Human eye, defects of vision, atmospheric refraction, scattering of light. Questions often ask for causes and correction of eye defects with labelled diagrams.

11. Electricity: Electric current, potential difference, Ohm's law, resistance, heating effect, electric power. Numericals from Ohm's law and power formulas appear every year. Always write formulas before substitution.

12. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current: Magnetic field, magnetic field lines, Fleming's rules, electric motor, generator, domestic electric circuits. Diagram-based theory questions are common. Practise drawing magnetic field patterns neatly.

13. Our Environment: Ecosystems, food chains, ozone layer, biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances. Low weightage but very scoring. Answers are usually direct and point-based.

Class 10 Science Sample Questions and Answers

The examples below reflect the structure, detail, and presentation expected in CBSE Class 10 Science examinations.

Q. Why should magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning?

(Chapter 1 - Chemical Reactions and Equations | 1 mark)

A. Magnesium ribbon is cleaned before burning to remove the thin layer of magnesium oxide formed on its surface. This oxide layer prevents magnesium from burning properly.

Q. What is the pH value of a neutral solution?

(Chapter 2 - Acids, Bases and Salts | 1 mark)

A. The pH value of a neutral solution is 7.

Q. Differentiate between ionic compounds and covalent compounds.

(Chapter 3 & 4 | 3 marks)

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Q. Draw a labelled diagram of the human heart. State its function.

(Chapter 5 - Life Processes | 5 marks)

A. [Diagram to be drawn with the following labels]
Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein.

Function: The human heart pumps oxygenated blood to all body parts and carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for purification.

Q. What is reflex action? Give one example.

(Chapter 6 - Control and Coordination | 2 marks)

A. Reflex action is a quick and automatic response to a stimulus without conscious thought.
Example: Pulling the hand away immediately after touching a hot object.

Q. A convex lens has a focal length of 20 cm. Find its power.

(Chapter 9 - Light – Reflection and Refraction | 2 marks)

A. Given:
Focal length (f) = 20 cm = 0.20 m

Formula:
Power (P) = 1/f

P = 1/f 

Substituting values:

P = 1/ 0.20 = 5D

The power of the convex lens is +5 D.

Q. State Ohm's Law.

(Chapter 11 - Electricity | 2 marks)

A. Ohm's Law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends, provided temperature remains constant.

Mathematical expression: VIR 

Where:
V = potential difference
I = current
R = resistance

Q. Differentiate between biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.

(Chapter 13 - Our Environment | 3 marks)

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These examples reflect the answer-writing style expected in CBSE board examinations. For additional practice, students should also solve Important Questions, Sample Papers, and Previous Year Papers regularly.

Tips to Score High in Class 10 Science

Scoring well in Class 10 Science depends as much on exam strategy as on subject knowledge. Students who revise smartly, practise regularly, and present answers in the correct format usually perform better in board exams.

a) Learn NCERT Activities properly

Many competency-based questions are based on NCERT experiments and observations. Focus on the aim, observation, and conclusion of activities.

b) Maintain a “mistake notebook”

Write down formulas, reactions, diagrams, and concepts you commonly forget. Revising mistakes is more effective than rereading chapters repeatedly.

c) Understand question keywords

• “State” → direct answer
• “Differentiate” → table format
• “Explain” → reason with concept
• “Draw” → labelled diagram required

Answering in the correct format improves marks.

d) Revise Physics formulas chapter-wise

Keep separate formula sheets for Light, Electricity, and Magnetism with units and common mistakes to avoid confusion during exams.

e) Use NCERT Biology terminology

Write textbook keywords like “diffusion”, “binary fission”, and “selectively permeable membrane” instead of informal wording.

f) Practise diagrams from memory

Redraw diagrams without tracing. Focus on labels, neatness, and speed, especially for ray diagrams and biological structures.

g) Learn Chemistry reactions in groups

Study reactions by type: displacement, combustion, neutralisation, oxidation, instead of memorising them randomly.

h) Keep long answers structured

For 3-mark questions, write 3 clear points. For 5-mark answers, use headings, tables, or diagrams instead of lengthy paragraphs.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. Are these solutions updated for the 2026-27 syllabus?

Ans. Yes. These solutions are fully based on the latest CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2026-27 and cover all prescribed chapters.

Q2. Which unit carries the highest weightage in Class 10 Science?

Ans. Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour and World of Living are the highest-weightage units with 25 marks each.

Q3. Which chapters are most important for Physics numericals?

Ans. Light - Reflection and Refraction, Electricity, and Magnetic Effects of Electric Current are the most important Physics chapters for numericals and diagram-based questions.

Q4. How should students write long answers in Biology?

Ans. Biology answers should be written in points with diagrams, tables, and flowcharts wherever possible. Avoid writing long paragraphs.

Q5. How are Chemistry equations explained in these solutions?

Ans. Every reaction is explained step-by-step with balancing, reaction type, observations, and proper chemical notation.

Q6. Which chapters are easiest to score in?

Ans. Our Environment, Acids Bases and Salts, and Magnetic Effects of Electric Current are generally considered high-scoring when revised properly.