Chapter 7
The Mathematics of Maybe: Introduction to Probability
CBSE Class 9
Mathematics Solutions
Educart Mathematics class Class 9 NCERT Exemplar cover
Question:

Such unpredictability can be useful sometimes! (Refer to NCERT page no. 156) For example, in a cricket match, the fact that a coin is tossed to decide which team will bat first is considered to be a fair method.
Can you explain why?                                                                                                                                                                        [Page No. 156]

Answer: Verified

A coin toss is fair because the coin is unbiased and symmetric; there is no reason for it to land on one side more often than the other, so heads and tails are equally likely, each with probability 12\frac{1}{2}.
This means both teams have exactly the same 50% chance of winning the toss, and neither side has any built-in advantage.

Just as importantly, the outcome cannot be controlled or known in advance by either captain, so the result cannot be fixed in anyone's favour. Because the decision is made by pure chance that treats both teams alike, neither team can complain of being cheated. It is exactly the randomness that makes the method impartial, and that is what we mean by calling it a 'fair' way to decide who bats first.

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