Show the formation of cations of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) atoms, and the formation of their corresponding chlorides using diagrams. [Pg. No. 174]

Potassium has atomic number 19.

Electronic configuration = 2, 8, 8, 1

Potassium loses one electron to form K⁺.

$$K \rightarrow K^+ + e^-$$ (2,8,8,1)   (2,8,8)" loading="lazy" decoding="async" />

Chlorine has electronic configuration 2,8,7 and gains one electron to form Cl⁻.

Calcium has atomic number 20.
Electronic configuration = 2, 8, 8, 2

Calcium loses two electrons to form Ca²⁺.

$$Ca \rightarrow Ca^{2+} + 2e^-$$ (2,8,8,2) (2,8,8)" loading="lazy" decoding="async" />

Each chlorine atom gains one electron to form chloride ion.