Atoms could combine in any ratio and not in a fixed ratio? How would this affect the substances around us? [Pg. No. 168]

If atoms could combine in any ratio instead of a fixed ratio, the same compound would have different compositions and properties. For example, water would not always contain hydrogen and oxygen in the fixed ratio of H₂O. Different samples of water could have different compositions, leading to different boiling points, melting points, and other properties. As a result:

(1) Compounds would not have definite formulas.

(2) The properties of substances would not be constant.

(3) It would be difficult to identify, classify, and use substances reliably. Therefore, the fixed ratio of atoms in compounds is essential for maintaining the uniform composition and properties of substances around us.