Question:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are two important organelles in a plant cell. Discuss how these two organelles are structurally and functionally similar to each other, and different from each other.
Answer:
Verified
The similarities and differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts are as follows:
Structural and Functional Similarities:
(1) Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane.
(2) Both contain their own DNA and ribosomes.
(3) Both are involved in energy conversion processes in the cell.
(4) Both contain an internal fluid region,* i.e.*, matrix in mitochondria and stroma in chloroplasts.
Structural and Functional Differences:
| Basis | Mitochondria | Chloroplasts |
|---|---|---|
| Occurrence | Usually present in eukaryotic cells | Present in the plant cells (including algae) and some protists |
| Pigment | Chlorophyll absent | Chlorophyll present |
| Inner structure | Inner membrane forms folds called cristae | Contain thylakoids arranged in grana |
| Function | Site of cellular respiration and energy release | Site of photosynthesis and food synthesis |
| Energy conversion | Release energy from food | Converts light energy into chemical energy |
